NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 11; SWEDEN; COUNTRY PROFILE

it /GS /***** Sweden May 1973 NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 i NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY PUBLICATIONS The basic unst of the NIS is the General Survey, which is now published in a bound -by- chapter format so that topics of greater per- ishability can be updated on an individual basis. These chapters Country Profile, The Society, Government and Politics, The Economy, Military Geog- raphy, Transportation and Telecommunications, Armed Forces, Science, and Intelligence one Security, provide the primary NIS coverage. Som,4 chapters, particularly Science and Intelligences and Security, that are not pertinent to all countries, are produced selectively. For small countries requiring only minimal NIS treatment, the General Survey coverage may be bound into one volume. Supplementing the General Survey is the NIS Basic Intelligence fact book, a ready reference publication that semiannually updates key sta- tistical data found in the Survey. An unclassified edition of the factbook omits some details on the economy, the defense forces, and the intelligence and security organizations. Although detailed sections on many topics were part of the NIS Program, production of these sections has been phased out. Those pre- viously produced will continue to ba available as long fps the major portion of the study is considered valid. A quarterly listing of all active NIS units is published in the Inventory of Available NIS Publications, which is also bound into the concurrent classified Factbook. The Inventory lists all NIS units by area nonce and number and includes classification and date of issue; it thus facilitates the ordering of NIS units as well as their filing, cataloging, and utilization. Initial dissemination, additional copies of NIS units, or separate chapters of the General Surveys can be obtained directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. The General Survey is prepared for the NIS by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency under the general direction of the NIS Committee. It is coordinateu, edited, published, and dissemi- nated by the Central Intelligence Agency. WARNING This document contains informat)or, affecting the national defense of the United States, within the meaning of title 18, sections 793 and 794 of the US code, us amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or receipt by an unautharized person is prohibited by law. CLASSIFIED BY 019641. EXEMPT FROM GENERAL DECLASS IFl- CATION SCHEDULE OF E O. 11631 EXEMPTION CATEGORIES SB (1), (2), (3). DECLASSIFIt:D ONLY ON APPROVAL OF THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 WARNING The NIS is National Intelligence and may not be re- leased or shown to representatives of any foreign govern- ment or international body except by specific authorization of the Director of Central Intelligence in accordance with the provisions of National Security Council Intelligence Di- rective No. 1. For NIS containing unclassified material, however, the portions so marked may be made available for official pur- poses to foreign nationals and nangovernment personnel provided nc attribution is made to National Intelligence or the National Intelligence Survey. Subsections and graphics are individually classified according to content. Classification /control designa- tions are: (U /OU) Unclassified /For Official Use Only (C) Confidential (S) Secret APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 GENERAL StAINA-A CHAPTERS (;OI!N T It I III (vg rrtc�d Iwrs pc( �1ivc- c,l' IhC sohjc�c�t c�ounlry (:hr000logv ;1rra hric�f Sunrnrar% nt:rll THE SO CH�'I Social slruc�lurc� 1'olrulalion Ilrallh hiving c�orrditiorr�, Soc�iA I,roh- Ic rns Beligion I:clncatinn I'uhlic infornr.Ilion :lrlislic�c yn -sion ;(1 EICN.1IF� f :1, \I) POLITICS Political c tuln- li,,n oI Ow state Governmental strength and slahil- ilo Slnu�tory and lunc�tion I'olilic;If clvn:Inrics National polic�ivs Threats to st:Ihility 'I lu,licr Inlrlligvnce and svc�urily Countvrsullvvrsiou and c�ountc�rinsurgenc\ c�,Ilrlhililic�s THE ECONOMY /\ppraisal of lhr rc�ononl\ Its strut tux,�-- -agric ulturc Iishc ric s, (orc�slrv, f'uc�Is :n d po vxr, metals and minerals, nr:Inul'acturing :urd con- slnrc�tion Donn�,tic� Ir:ulc 1� :cvrnorr,it. Irc,lic�\ and de\c�lot rend Init-mation:Il CCMIorrlic rcl alions 'I'll ii NSNMT:tTI(YN :1NI) 'I'1�:E.ECO- MMI.'NI(::1'1IO \S \ppraisal of syslc�rrrs Strategic mohilit'\ Railroads Ilighwa\" Inland w;Ilc rays I'ipelinc�s lorts Merc�hanl marine Civil air ;1irl'ivlds Tltc� Ic�Ic�c�onI s�.tilc�nr MILI'I AM c!, :0( ;Ii:11'lIY Tol,ogralh\ :Intl c�li- tuale Milil:Iry geographic wgions Stralc�g:r an�:IS Int;�rnal rootvs ;11,1>roac he s: land. sr :I. air :11i'NE D FOI ICES The delc�nsc� �slahlislmwnl joint mlivitic�s (:round forces Naval forc�c�s /fir forc�cs f'arantilit;Iry S: :11�; \(:I': I.c vc I :If sc�ic�rltili:� advanceinvid Or- g:mixation. Manning. :end filumcing of resc�arc�h SCic�nlil'ic ed"c�ation. nt:I;Itmwvr. and fac�ililivs Xlal- lor rewarc�h fields This General Sru�rct srrylcrscalcts ..re (u1C (haed Sept on- ber 1407, copies of which Should he destroved. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP0l- 00707R000200090017 -8 LVV.71VV1 IV. L111 Nordic Pacemaker F cononcic \chiv%c�nucnl: The `4icicllc \'a\ ;mcriuncrul at l I.,chccr: 'I';uc-,:cnctuI ;dnu)0 c�ntirc�I i1( I c� I ;al half cenwr\..\ rc�c�vwI\ ;t Ihc� 1920" %"r. 1111 undc�rdc�w�Ittl>c�d rural 11alictn tot Ihc� h;tr` i north( nt perimeter ttf I�:cn�npc�, sc ilding Ihc� rc�tuai ;ii nt; c�nntingc�uts 1(l it then c�m�c�sti population In North :1mc�rica. Bet \cc�c�rt IN60 and 1930 a ctuartel of it million 5\\+ des- 211`; cif hc� 111(.1111 I)(clrttl11tinn� rntigralvd Ihc� Ness Wodd. The spvc�lacular nctdvr11 ,ocio vc(momic� tr;tu4urnt;t- tictn of S\\vdcn prct\ idc�d it maim- impti ,c� fttr the ()ill% NO TF -Thc ewiry rmmirnt nl thi, ;h;tlitcr i VV:1.AINSII II':I) Kitt i, I OR !)F ICIA;. l SF t) \I.1'. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 sligh11% less rapid developmcio I :iki:ng plact, in lilt neighboring Nordic countries Throug11oul Ib(1 ar(1a social and political I,,rcc pvcuiiar to uurthc�rn F oropc� ;idvd the evolotiolt. The rc�Iativc� gcograplic isolation of tilt. Scandinavian I'eninsuLt insulalcd it irons most disruptions clst�wlere ()it the conlim�nl, (1n11ancintg tilt coordinat.d, orderly, self contained (l�v Iopntenl. Long associated scith ,Ahern F itrope, and d-rivvd perlaps as ntuc�h front cm ironult�nlal factors such as climate as front c�ollural bails, has been Ilic� urge of the inhabitimis to%%., rd gainful empim nivilt i'11(1 (;eruLUl sociologist Max 11(111(11 believed this uur;e to ht� roolvd ill organizvd religion. Ile found Ow dominant I'roleslant ethic� especially congenia to tilt� (Icvelopnrent of capitaiisn in the north. 't'c�t in 111(1 same societies where cv,tnpeti(ke enterprise flourished, thervevolv.rl the %sorld's most a(killi(ecl six pal waf .1u. syst (1nts. \s Western philosophers bunt Ow 18111 Io the 30111 (�enturies evolve(1 their formidw, for human progress, pr(1dicating all on vidwr conup.tilion ak*****-faire, 1'rec ent(1rprisrl orc�ooperltion (rationalism. socialism), the north European societies Nc.ry to !,rove uncontntouly adapt;ible al reconciling Ihc ts tc The all persasi\v 1'rotestant .�ork ethic ntuv indeed have cvlelte(I the appetite I or piv ()it earth" is it mark (,f divine approna(ion. but it even more forcvhilly inculcat'-d the ess(1ntially hitheran doclr'inv of service. The social 1 w11icl 19th cenlrtry lrii\clers already found more fincl\ loved in Ihc Nordic area 111an (1Isw(1hvre had other historic and c�nvironnn�nlal roots. The old aristocracy had been oblimed to serve the stale, :uul more okcn thin not served it well, while (it, harsli I)Ilysical environment early re(Inired cooperation front all for mr\ival. There tams devel(wed it relative respect for the c;n,stitutcd anthorils. more or less shared hN tilt ncighl;orhig Tectlonic societies and differcnl from the relationship between the governing and t11(1 governed in Lutist and Slavic countrics. The accep of raaliv(1Iv .rulight(1ue(I, nu{ asur(1rl authority fostered the order and discipline that hvIpc(I the northern countries (�\plod sn successfully their rclativek limited rulatraf resources. It' the warc�ity of good agriculoiral I;ut(l, fossil fools, imd certain, other minerals. as well as t11c lars11n(1ss of tic climate, initialI\ impeded socioccouo;uic evolution, another natural t�esourcc� geogr*****; tic remotem�ss �was ultimately to enable the area to catch ill) with and surpass Furope to tic south. N Itemovvd frtntn the princip.1tl conlinciiiaf ins :lsion rmitc ;end. in Ihc� modern cr;1. from Ihc� sealanit�s !t,tsse(1n Europe ;aid Anu�rica. Ihc� Sss (1des n(1ver sulfer(1d iutvasion amf occupation from otilside the� Scandinavian arva. Thc� vast movem of peoples Mid c k iliialions (1Iseschert� in Furopi notahl\ the 11egennom of Ihc� Rontaus, the Gildert l lord., mid the Ottoman 'hark�caused har(1Iv it rippic� in Ihc� Norssegiun aml Baltic S(-;t%: the forces of Ihc� (:ounter- Refornuctlion eyvii(led thc�ntwkc�. in Cermam. and in lb.� 2001 cv�rrtury (It( lnnp(1ri:d ;vrmim :cut! Nazi jogger ants (ssicr sloppvd al t11c Baltic. "Ihc� tisvc�(I(�%, notahls in Ile present centaur\, eyloi(ed it protracted period of peace to build a soci(1t% \%licb ,tuns r(1g;;rd w lbe world's most advanced. (>nlv twice in their known 1�istory slid large nunnhers of Norllrnen seek Io leay.� their severe liabilat :md make their fortunes in gentler lands. In the modern (11.11, ,r( It i.merica r(1cekcd about 2 million Scandinavian immigrimt lie majority of tlent Sscrd(1s. About it thousand y cars earlier lucre ww, all (,Wdus of another nature, sshic�li bcg:uu in 7 with a svries of ;rdermis raids ;Hong tilt cant 1� :11glisll coast. B\ Ilr cark I Il11 ccnaur.\, Illt� \'iking incursions w(1re fch in lank covering it yt;arler of the gloh(1. (1tt,ncling ss(1stward to Iceland, Gleenj.1nul, and No rtli \merit,. soullmard to the \ledilerrao.ati. and vashtard to Ilossii"s DIWI1 \'alley. It win this ea0\ard passage" that \iis taken by the Swec .sit ikings. called in 111( old Slrvic� Chronicle, the \'ar:utgians or litr.s. :\fler Ili(- Viking title ebbcd in Ihc� 12th center\, Flirope wits spared farther wriow, intrusions from the north until the rise of it mmic\shat more civilized 'mcdcii to grcal p(mer sl.1clus in the 16th cenaun. Its p(mer was f-11 h\ ale Russians and I'ol(1s in the I 111 and 18111 centuries Mien the Baltic 1 eva became i t "S wdkh Lake." and bs all of Fitrope (luring tilt- Thirty fears War (1618 -18). As Swedvn's forces, battling scitb briili:uul succvss, telped tear np (;erman\ during Ibat most devastating of 1?uropean scars, it Swedish strategist ss .11s quoted its saying it is hotter that we tel her our hors.s to our enc�ruty s fence, than be to oturs. Indecd Ile forces altvnipting to arrest and reverse the hol(1stant Reformation sc(1re stopper) in (;er,,,,ol. Swedisl hunt. ground was spared th( dcstnicli(nt I hit t set Cernuuu develol Went back 200 yvars. The R.tor:!)llionu throughout lie Nordic lauds becalms� univers:d. and no minority re ligious .n(�Iavvs wer(1 Icit to disrupt the social outer. i APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 The 1)(�riod Of SttedisII ;!sce�n(Ianct io the north furthered it process started ill the 15th (viiniry lien the I):enes there ascendant. Already in the Kalmar Union of Dv;itoark Styeden, Norsv:tt, :Intl Iceland 1 1.520). conliunl defenses here 1)lanned, if' nol establisfled, and there de%el0lmd mutually profitable coma n�rce. Onl\ hen the I)anes !,nd their (;ernl:ul advisers became t00 1)otverful and tried l0 (ki !illate the n�latioelshil) the riniorl f(rtnally diss(6ed. 13v the 17th century S act 1mIIy dill dominate affairs. and continued the integniting process. Ilatil!g (:I ristionixed and then absorbed Finland by 1293, Sweden u, acc�ulluraIv(I its large eastern ne igh1mr Over the centuries as 10 slake Of it a fifill Scandinavian lation. \Ihotlgh the stlbsey iclit ;IS(� \!done\- Of Russia wrvslcd inland away front 1809 t0 1918 and, for a time after W orld War 11 again threatened Finlatid's \Vvstern Orientalimi. the latter's marked c aff iitt tvitll Ss�andinavio cerrltinnes. I',ssenli ,Ili 10 e�e:nll,e�nsate far the lees e)I' Finland, as well as himcrnlia. Stve(len tt;l carde(I litIg( 'llle)II\ Over NOrtt;It (lhrOl!gh ;e ic;illt Sttedish numarc�I1 by the C elf l )\tees ill 181 1. 11111)nsed bt it I)le:d eel force and persmisiOn, the imitin endured until 1905. Mice it ;is unilaterally dissnI e�d In 'N(it vay. 'I u(iat Ntwdlc Cmincil- ._through tyhich, inter 4 /a, ;III fire� jilt!v, e�cdctit nation. have �,e.�rt d4ise ties and Ila\v agn�ed t0 the I're�c� mo%ement Of' each others nationals tvilhin their birders, including n�eiorOcal recognition Of work 1)ermils and e\1)IoitaliOn Of tyellore benefits -is the Litter 20th e nlury e\1)ressiOn elf an mmOin,g process. Oalt in n6clters OI defense is an\ .�)nstructi%v dialeviv ruled Out. I)e�timark. \Onto\ and Zeeland are attached tcu NATO: tittv�d(-n remains detc�rulineclly neulral, and Fhiland's freedOlu Of act;mi is per force inhibited by Soyjet desires. Vith the ludic coonlries ;e0);raE)hic :dh renu)%vd front the slain Etirnl)cun crlrrents for nearI\ a nlilleniunl, and of the salve link� interacting tyilh ea< h other. eilhct in tvarlarc ()r peaceful I)ursuits, there dev(-lnl)vd in Ih;� area a retuarkable ethnic honlogeneit). All live countries are e;vertyhelnling!\ Lutheran Protestan(, with .Omit t)3 r of the respectiyc I)( 0 1)11 iit tioit s i(lenlif'yiug tyitII this I)ersuasiOn. Similarly. all five u,c�ieties take their ('minol rc�IigiOOs obligations lightI even in the EIIn)I)e ;us cunlc�\I. noltyithstanding the marked impact Of the Protestant ethic on their Mores. Still pveyasive in the 1960's, this inllnencc, however, not% appears to he diminishing, ttilh us teat incOl,:�lusiyc revllts. F\cel)ting the Finns, the Scandin;Iyians tend l(i be rvinarkably uniform in pI, %sjcal t\1)(.. the prvdonlinant Nordic strain baying v\pvriel,ce Onit slight adiniOures with sindla opp-aring (:gilts and Britons ;ill(] more southerly c()ntilv-ntiul Alpine, during the Viking period. \\'jilt the consl)ictu)us emcepti(,n Of Ninlond. the `;c:ul- (linatian nations slmak similar (;(.rnloIlic I ;ulgrlages. They also Il;tyc� eyOlyed yert siitiil;Ir 1)olilical systems: all are parli:111wntar\ (lerlu)cracies, although Stveclen, Denmark, and No rwa\ are severely Ijnlited c�Onslitutional m(marchies and Finland and Iceland ;Ire republics, The marked 1)ragniatic bent of the Nordic 1)e(iples is reflected ill the stability of their governuenis. All the stslens fealurt a multipart\ legislature which ploy be the ullinwto orbiter Of (�xeculive action. Snell concentratjon of 1)()tver ill a large legislative body 3 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 Viking raids on Irish coastal settlements were commonplace by the end of the ninth century. Defenseless monasteries and their treasures were often victims, as depicted in the socking of Clomacnoise, the most celebrated of Irish monasteries. n�presenling disparate 1 1 iticul persu:tsicrts is :cn adaptation frc)Ili Frrnc�II parlianivnhr% experi.n.e. Not amutt the best devised forms of gov. I'll nu�It, it has iwiwtIwl+�ss proved workable in all the Nordic countries, Its Sweden. I)entmtrk, Norwa%,mid IceL� Ill cj the average lift� cf it cabinet since World War II hi Is beets 3 vears. By contrast, in similarly governed Fraru�e of the Fourth fieptiblic the average life of cabinet was 6 months. and in postwar Italy it has liven 9 months. While the more passionate I.alill politicians. representi-tg a more sharpy divided el.ci.trute, tend to pursm a cause ts the e�nd, to brook no "compromise of princiiL," the pragmatic Scandinavians, and 1wrh,gp, most notably ihc� Swedes. thr tsh out contentious issues in committees represcmtirg all factions atul usually reach accommodation before the govemnu�nt ever submits the legislation to ;t vote. Pragmatic compro-aiu� has become a sva) of political life. Relatively egalitarian attitudes, peculiar to the harsh north long before the Fro Revolcrtiou. fostered a similarity in outlook among ;ill elennnts of the population. And universal literacy, atl, tined by the early ?nth c( helped ctIIIiv ;tte in the avid northern readers :a relatively .sophisticated consensus about advanced social and h}gi.raic� v ays. The striking ethnic homogeneity assured this continuing rec�*****tk ity srncr minority cultural enclaves of whateycr description %%cre virtually nonexistent. ()illy the 100H) Lapps who Hove freely through the far north of continental Sc:udinavia and western Rnsski had to be provided special care, and the Gypsies, numbering several thc,nsaud anong Sweden's pnp,alution of approximately S million. are oc�c�asionally the subject Of sper�i:al :rdinances. !3el� ;Iris+' of a near zero population growth Late. Own lute been a rt.ed .0 Syvedeu t!? i,npp.i ioreig: labor, including Iatropeaus irons the Medit.rrunan area. In the Ic)i0 s the importation these workers to than the bmrgvoning industries is be;,;int:ing to have a slight tneusuruble social In S%vc(It-ti a certain race consciousness is becoming apparent, as nativ;� residents regard the south and ea,! Europeans -now constituting about 3`1 of the populatio't �\N ith a jilondiced eye. They commis not only oat the twty omers' alien habits Mud wavy, but occasion:.': on their strung.. dark. strutted" physical appearance, As Sweden partictdiirly has been criticized of lute for its deadening sa fm�ness surd monotony, the recent exotic influx is regarded by some thoughtful Swedes as a useful experiment. 4 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 Economic Achievement: The Middle Way Although none of till- Nordic states are particularly blessed with natural resources, rich iron ore deposits. ahundant swift rivers, and extensive forests make Sweden the hest endowed. And the efficient exploitation of these resources has enabled Sweclen to become the largest producer of iron ore, the loth ranking producer of electricity, and one of the leading producers of timber -based products in the world. A concurrent development of' an aclvancl-cl technology in other areas has also erableel Sv.rdl-n to produce highly sophisticated, competitive manufactures for the world market. To a point it could he said of Sweden, as of its sister Scandinavian countries, that its labor force is its most vale ;tole resource. This has been especially true of the imaginative scientists. engineers, techuic�ians, and businessmen who have so skillfully exploited the country's few resources. "There are signs, however, that the domestic Policy of the governing Social Democrats �in office now for 40 years ruay finally be having some adverse effect on competitive capacity and on individual Productivity. With S \1'edisll wages, on the average, almost 50 higher than those prevailing in the Common Market countries, ever highly rationalized Swedish industry is beginning to be at a disadvantage. And Princ Minister Olof Palmc's drive for class equalit by Icweling incomes via the tax and cyage structures is having a belated imPa.t on incentive-, linge elements of the Protestant ethnic notwithstanding. The yl-ry paucity of same resources in Sweden, notably coal and petroleum, nay have had a net constructive social impact. With the belated arrival of till- industrial revolution. the new factories had to disperse along the rivers where \N tterposscr was available. Such smaller industrial communities are still today very much it part of the settlement pattern and have helPed Sweden avoid the worst ills of nass :trbanization as well as environmental pollution. The town planners� for sv deb the country is famous, could go about the irk al a more measured pace, resulting in such model urban redevelopment and suburban cyansion as that in the Stocl:hohn, Goteborg,' and Malmo arei,s. Critics of contemporary Swedisl life Point out that the orderly urban area development has all ;.almost antiseptic- clualih. The spit and span clusters of tall buildings with their snall twc: and three -room rented d\%l-lliug units seem strangely out of place in spacious, ctnderpopulated, nzterialist (Private possession oriented) Sweden. %'lost Swedes, however, still seem ready to make such adjustment to the long, cold winters, the high cost of heating fuels, and the practical requirements of providing ample housing for the whole population. ,'\Itllougll there nay be a connection between the increased incidence of psychosis and the "drabness" and c�onfineumnt of Diacritic~ are included il the iaae�c name listiag nn the� apron of the Sunnnar\ Map and on the map ihclf. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 A 1 MV WIN M. r r 4 w .l t- q{ nllll' ll1' \(�1111 )llli'111 11111\\1111"1;illdill" 1111 IIIIIIIJ 111 1 nlllt' \\II;II III'.II lil \l1f('l' 1;111' .11111 rllll:; IIl \('1111(' 1 Vi tllllll' 11f 11111I 1)ItIIIIII'I'. ;11111`1 111'11,1\ 111r I l ll'IIIIl11I1'lll'\ ;1r1' Ildrmllr ;1. `l 1 t�i;lll'll �till 11 III l' \Illl'llt'(' t1lill ill FlImp In 1111' mll11 ;111(1 \.1111 III'll,llll /1'll. illdil'iIi;lli/l'll (wicli1'.1' \1'I' IlUl". Illlll 11 Ill,lli III Ill(' l 11i`�.1'll I,ItI'. Tl11' rI 'I;III \I'I\ \1111 (111' 11111- \\i11IcI' I)l ('11111 (cd IIr (I Ill ll IIII'llll' r;11''. ;1 \\I'll ;I 1111� Ills rl� l'uil \I'Iltl'111;11 1 1 )!.l�tllt'rm" 11111~1 1) 1);Il,IIII'I ,11,,11i11 Ill(' 1,1 r r;lll'III' III;II1111'I;It II111' 111 uI1w ��(wi.II 11'II 111111 IIl1I;lh ,11'11 IIII ill IIII' `III1rl. lu';IIII11111 IIurIIII'rll If, APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 summers. Over it quarter of all Swedish families spend several idyllic summer weeks and m spring and fall weekends in private cabins on the lakes, bN the sea, or deep in the northern woods. ;1t least as tnorc. have the use of sinilar puirlic fac�ihi;cs gratuitously or at very low cost. State nnn cabins along the cross- country ski trails provide some respite from the winter ccrrfiru'tnent. 'I'll( rapid industrialization of S%%eden ill the 20th ee ntury has not only provided the cnnsuner society with the worlds second highest percapita (listril;ution of uutoutobiles, telephones, and all manner of labor st!ying aP,:!ianc�es, but has c ablcd the Swedes to cuter the world market with the finest steel� solThisticated fighter Manes, autonne!,iles. ships, electronic ecluiprnent, and capital "'()ods snc�h as pulprnaking ;Intl !mperma: king machinery. Part I% such technological Prowess sterns from the entre- preneurial mitt orga,izational skills that continue to sill in au econonny still largel} in private hands. The long -lived Social Democratic government w;scly eschewed Public ownership of the means of production. With 9Oc of the labor force till(] over 8Wi of the ret ;iI trade subject to cot tuPctilive forces, eff'icieucy has been assured, while tIIc strong cooperative movement (embracing about 5 of the labor force and 16 "i of the retail trade) helps guard against the development crf monopolistic practices. And hyo- fifths of the cxr, Insive research and developnunt is defrayed by t: government with f. one -fifth carried out in the public universities. :1s recently as the early 1960 most authorities still concurred witin d :e U.S. jonrnalist and author Marquis Clnilcls tha' Sweden was shoving the world the "rnid'lle way. I ?yen le the labor unions effcc�tiVvIv c�amc to power through their political anrI. the Social Democratic Ptu�ty, they had demonstrated their ability to close ranks in confrontation with Ilia nagc men t and blend force with reason. After having gained full legal recognition as the spokesman ,r labor, the unions, notal,ly the nlamrnc,tll SNyedish Trade l!tlion (:unft,deration. came gradually to renounce lilt strike, except :.s a \yeapon of last resori. Tlr- fauunns Stilts ;obaden Accords l.etween organized labor ;,ud management, signed in 19,38 at that seaside resort, ioauguratcd a period of' labor peace that renuuned generally intact until the earl\ I970's. Although the mnnber of noun -clays lost because of strikes in 1969 increased tvnfold user the previous year, it .vas still the lowest in the West -nu \yorlcl, averaging 0.1;) days per 1,000 inhafritants compared with 24-16 days per 1,000 inhal-.,uts ;u the hnited States. The cooperative nu,yc�nent in Sweden, touch of its organizational schema imputed from neighboring Denmark, developed in the latter 1901 century to pool resources for the mechanization of farming; and to break the retailing ITUrII(IINdie and their practice of pt�ice fixing. By the I920 the c�uuperatives had Ilecnme an inpurtant force in the ec�unorny. c�ontriblrtiug notably to the modernization of agriculture and the evolution of an efficient retailing industry. As the do yrloping wanufacturing enrtels were then attcmptnnt tr, all(cate and control markets, new battle lines were drawn. The huge rmtbrella Cooperative Federation latTrc�hed it number c,f sinall factories for tl:e nuunTfactury of margarine, flour, soap, rubber shoes, and lightbulls. 'I'ht, small Loma Works was to provide one of the more dranwtic� contests. 'faking on the great international cartels, it was shortly placing clualit" bulbs on the market at near cost� forcing its contpelitcrrs to reduce prices b\ an ayt,rage :37`.i I.unra c�onlinned lu flourish ;..nd soon becarlic it ma;ur producer. By the latter 1930's its burgeoning plant had beconit, an industrial landnwrk in Stockholm. Most of Jhe cooperative -run factOIIeS. hcnycver, did not attempt to compete seriously once the objective of fair prices had b een Obtained. In 1070 aloof Ii of the labor force in manufacturing was employed in cooperative -run crttvrpriscs. 7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP0l- 00707R000200090017 -8 Government and Labor: Taxes and Teamwork Until the latter 1960's the single purpose of the government seemed to Im to anichorate life ill Sweden, not to make so(,iety over according to it preconceived socialist formula. The welfare system, to he sure, \Nas rapidly developed to beconiv the most comprehensive in the non Communist world. The average citizen was provided Health benefits covering the whole spectrnn of ,ossiblc ailments. tic was assured of maintaining his current high level of living in tit( (went of incapacity, micniploy nuvnt, or other adversity; he could (,rujoy old age retirement benefits second to none. if(- was, in sum, secure. If his high and rising personal income became the most heavily taxed in the non Communist world, so as to enable the state and local governments to meet the costs, what was left still compared favorably with net nicn ex wages anywhere else in Western Europe. I'hc business and industrial enterprises, whose s,iccess is imperative to the national well being. continued to find their tax obligations it iii te manageable. The Social Democrats in the past have been careful not to kill the goose lading the golden eggs. All firms were accorded it 10S% writcoff on taxes if they reinvested the amount in capital improvement or expansion. F tirthcrniore, in tit(, mid- 1960's, capital equipment could be depreciated 305( the first year. 10051 in 5 years. While in tli-- early \cars of Social Donio crutic rule the miting Jown of depreciation allo\yaticcs on buildings was extended over -10 years, the period was down to 23 years in the early 197O's. A high ranking, research official in the p(merful Swedish i?ruplo\ers Confederation recently denuntstrtted ho\y it corporation that calculated preciscl\ the right rate of growth, the right raw 01' return, and the ri!jn composition of investment could effectiyel\ avoid pa }ing and taxes. To demonstrate the \andit\ of his proposition, he showed how several enterprising corporations \wre able dramatically to reduce their tax obligations. For example. the huge motor vehicle producer Volvo probably ptt)s mil\ urt effective 20oi annual tax. Recognizing that some profit motive �at least the creature con that extra money can bu\ �was a needed inducement even to the nt.iry socially attuned entrepreneurs, the Social Democrats hay, in the past taken care not to eliminate it entirely. The personal incontc of the rich was indeed heayii\ taxed. The upper range executive with a nutncy income of US$ 1,300 it month in the tnid- I960's would immediately have about -15`1 deducted in direct (graduated) taxes; and the personal inheritance tax A this level was just about confiscatory. 'I'll(- availability Of reasonably priced constinter goods and services, however. helped to compensate. 11' he could not save very much ni mv\ or pass oil an amount of an\ significance to his *****ren, the successful exccntiye could still ciijoy a conifortablc itpartni.�nt, a cotnitry boric, it small yacht, all expensive itcutoniobile, and a vacation in the south of E'uropc. Similarly, moderately successful business and professional people as \%ell as a APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 very sizable proportion uf' tc�c�hnicians and skilled workers could partake in snllicicni measure of the good life. The inabilih to accunulalc ntuc h muuev slid not hcc�omw it mmrce of anxiety, particula-ly since adeynrate welfare insurance against nearly all forms of adversity sccrcd to obviate the need. If tit(, l;rxes needed to support thc� welfare state were at all incumu� Icyels till. highest in the non- (:mlim mist world, the real wages nonetheless rcmraincd very high, ()Illy exceeded by th,:sc� in the l'nited States. The conscious Icy(ling- clovyu police of till I'alnrc administration in the 1970's, however. threatens to upset the delicate e(pidibriunt betyveeu optinrun social e(lualily and inc�entkv. From the dircc�tor of' tfrc board clmvn to the skilled worker, motivation secrrrs thrcatl.rrecl. Not only are the fevv remaining rich not\ soakcd as never before �in it county, whire tilw cast of living approximates that in ti l'nitl.cl States, an executive canning USS20.000 it vial pays 3.000 (65`(' in direct taxes alone, the director of the hmgh Electrolux (electrical al>pliaw-vs) :orporation takes home� SII,000 it \ear after taxes �brat the rnicidlc classes are Icing subjected to sun c\cr increasing bite. :1 mailman arning it gross income of ,$500 a mind, pads it r in direct graduated inconrc tax; a V(dvo foremt;ctr varning $600 pa)s :355;; it district prosecutor earning $940 is taxed .155; and an upper range exccutiye earning 81,500 pays 5 :35; On it grass national product of 830 billion, Swedes pa\ $12 billion in direct or indirect taxis, #)r all overall tax rate 440'(' This rate is considerably higher than the i(),; averagc that V.S. residents pad in c�onrbined federal mid local taxes, llthough there is disscosion in till. Social Democratic ranks about tlic efficacy of the "l.ynalizatioll police, and strong hostility f'rorr almost the entire opposition. Paiute ill late 19 72 wits still aticnnptimg, via thc� wage as well as the tax structure. to keel socciety. (:c�ntral vyagc negotiations had to take c�ogniza.ncc of the �'solidaritC principle and give priority to the lower imum ne workers. Thus in it 1972 wage svttlenu�nt in the cleclric�al inchstn, tit( highest paid skilled worker was avvardc�cl US82.85 an hour, only 5`( more than tilc loyyl.st paid worker's U -1 6. 11 Most of the rank and file skilled artisans who are Icing leveled downward are finding vyays to express (1kagrecnent with the policies of their leaders ill the unions and ill government. Just as some ma�mnbers of the higher income groups arc discovering m�w and ingenious nncans of evading still)( of their taxis� the heretofore conseientiurls skilled wc,rkl.rs are resorting to formes (;f malingering, such its thou\ sick Ica%v, that \%()jeld cut the deductions from their pa) envelopes. The Ultimate macmile of the ul.\v equalization polic�\ will depend on just hovv far lhc� g(wernuu�rrt will try to Wish it. Evell Palnrt� appears to have realized that taxis should not be raised any more in the near futum, ;ltd, in any ekent. elections in 1973 could result in it nrodihc�ation or change of polic�\. Preliminan responses from mtuc�h of the Syycdish worker force to continued **I(-% cling" srggest that cvcn basic national vyork habit,, formed (wer the centuries, are not inmut ill) le. The penchant for cooperation that has marked the SCandinavians was never ahsent in the Syycdish brrsiul.ss com'urnnnity. Whilc it degree of competitions hcllwd in some areas to keel; price~ doyv a and increase efficieuc\, the classic laissez faire laves of suppl and demand were uperatkc only to it point. It look the powerful cons-nmer c�ooperative nu,yc�nu�nt to finally brake the tendency of the more important producers to establish First local mumopolies and then cartels. 'fill. industrialists and fimanc�iers of Sweden have alwa,s formed it dwelt' knit business establisFrnu�mt. and through their political arns, the (:onsen ative and Liberal Parties, they continue to exert it riot incomsiderable influence on government. In it country vyhcre compromise and cooperation rather than c�omfroulation arc the preferred vehicles for s(wiid chi mge, the ruling Social Democrat had formed pragmatic ac�conumoclation with big business mrrnhnally acly;ortagcorrs. It \yas, after all, capitalism's producing and earning jum -r that provided the means to c ffcct the welfare state. 'I'fr( extent to which it socialist gmerninl.nl ill go it, this acconuuodation aright shock North ;kincricans living under more avowedly capitalist systemrs. Thus, in late 19; I. Social Derimcratic� Finance \1iit ister Gunnar Strang (Icfcnded be hi re the parliamcntit ry antitrust c�onurrittee the 1)!a lined mco gerof Swl.dcn's hvo largest banks �the huge "'allenburg- controlled Slorkboln .s Ens�kilda Bank and the Skondinaviska Banks�. The enlarged Skandinavi�ska Enskilda Banken, he insisted, must be accorded the resources for it more active international role. tic was unabashedly postulating the iuvater good for the nc\y hank to be the greater good for Sweden. \t'ritimg in 1966, the noted U.S. observer Donald S. (:miner was struck by the close social and business tics of the tveoons of Sweden. Tire\ not only tended to support the same 9 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 politics, but sat on each other's boards and financed each other... It is a business hierarchy that resembles the British '(11d Bo% Nehyork,' but with the crucial difference that there is not a breath of amateurism among the Swedish old lx)ys. The Secedes are not playing at business; they are deadly profes- sionals. For all their comp-1 h c ive zeal, the also have a remark- able capacity for teamwork. Like the hcoons of Japan (another nation alw: %s conscious that it must 'export or die'), they reserve their ultimate weapons of business combat for their for competitors, not for each other. Sweden exports about 30' of its i lid t.strial production; its largest corporations produce prin- cipally for export. Sold abroad in 1971 were 92 of Svenska Steels output, 65'/(' of X'olyo*s automobiles, 70 of Ericsson*s telephones and �:vctronic equipment, 88'( of Atlas (;opco 1'[[tips and compressors, and 84('r of Alfa Laval's dairy equipment. T1ie Nordic area and the Common Market accouv.. ;ed for 7W of Sweden's exports. A frndamental goal of Swedish foreign police is to maintain and expand export markets. The Social Democratic government has generdly accommodated big business right up to the point of taking action Which would he popularly interpreted as compromis- ing Sweden's neutrality. The industrialists, accus- tomed to planning well iihead, sce Common Markct membership as indispensable to their continued prosperity, if not their continued existence. But this determination conics precisely at the juncture when ti,k- Common Market is preparing feasibilih- quclies somewhat beyond the anticipated econonuc and nionetary integration. ;1 studv by Belgian Foreign Office official Etienne Davignort was calling in 1972 10 for the progressive foreign policy integration of the European and fur it cot1nlon West European defense plan. "1'h: re remains a comfortable majorih opinion in Sweden against any action that may compromise the traditional police of neutralih. It seems likc!y that even if it Swedish gmernment should wi..h to accommodate the husit,essnien and seek full membership in the European Communities, it vould run into it ground swell of opoositi impossible to overcome. Inclecu, neighboring Denmark and Norway, whose governtnenis opted in 1972 for full Common Market partnership, were unaccustomedly divided o-ver the issue, each society includiw- significant elements who could not overcome their Nordic provincialism. In a plebiscite in September of 1972, the Norwegians by an fir.: majority rejected Common Market membership, while the Danes, in their plebiscite the next month, accepted by an impressive two to one margin. Althow,h both arc members of NATO, only Denmark s :vmed reconciled to accepting it closer embrace with Europe to the south. "There persists throughout the area it hope that somehow closer cooperation through the Nordic Council will sec the small but still prosperous Scandinavian countries through. The respective business communities ntzty he able to persuade government leaders tlm; they mast be able to participate fully in the economic rationalization of Europe, already beyond the planning stage in the Common M -arket countries. But popular opinion seems as yet reluctant to emerge from Nordic isolation, as the Norwegian plebiscite demonstrated. Sweden, for its part, is trying for an ad interim customs anion with the European Coninuutides. But it faces stiff resistance, particularly from France, to the lowering of Common Market tariffs on highly cotnpetitive Swedish immufactures such as steel, which is Europe's hest,. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 National Policy: Strict Neutrality, more Welfare The police of uetitrality has been a determinant in the development of modern, prosperous Sweden. It is the only nation in Europe able to avoid war for 160 years, but its good fortune was not withc tit traumatic effect. Notabl\- during World War 1I, the Swedes for awhile had to supple the Nazi German conquerors of their sister Scandinavian countries. Norway and Denmark, with iron ore and to permit the passage of German troops across their territory. Ii could be argued that Sweden's purchase of peace through such tribute may have been a net gain for the mail\- .Norwegian and Banish refugees who found asylum in benevolently neatral Sweden, but the Swedes themselves still regard their World War 11 police with some ambivalence. And then there was the 1864 .war between little Denmark and its powerful Prussian aeighbor allied with Austria. Denmark we.it to war to protect its historic suzerainty over Schleswig and Holstein only after having received soma assurances of British and Swedish support. When both potential allies then stopped short of intervention on Denmark's behalf, the Danes had to lose quickly in so tmequal it struggle, and to cede Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia with the loss of 200.0M ethnic Danes. Although there is a very considerable body of opinion in Sweden that is discomfited by the "moral abdication" implicit in its strictly neatral statts �a segment latcl\ reinforced for different reasons f,w the hardheaded business community �the historic success of the policy gives it continued momentunt. And a cogent factor inhibiting the forthright Swedish pro Wes.temer; is the plight of tethered Finland. within the Scandinavic::: romnuntity btt markedly suscep- tiblr to Soviet coercion. Should Sweden compromise its neutrality by any closer association with the Nest, there is a real danger that the C`. S.S. R. would attempt to pull reluctant Finland into the Easton sphere. L) 1970, after Sweden had b, a member of the European Free Trade Association for 10 years, the five Scandinavian countries agroed at it neeting in Iceland to an integraled Nordic custons and cconortic unit caliv(' NORDFK. But jest 2 claws after the Finnish Prime Minister returned hoole, Finland withdrew and the new organization collapsed. Amply suspicious of the existing ties to the West of the other Scandinavian countries, and apprehensive of the magnetism of the Common Market, the Soviets would brook no further involvement of Finland. The Swec'cs, for their part, did not .wish to j: opardize Finland's membership in the Nordic Council, so let the natter drop. "Their historic sentimental attachment to the Finns is reinforced by the pragmatic need to hays this friendly buffer between themselves and the Russians. The government headed by Olof Palme has, on the whole, projected a more self- assured, not to saw sanctiuutrious. evaluation of Sweden's neutrality. T(Ill ;'ng to ignore the role played by fortune, notably in World War It when Sweden alone in the Nordic area escaped occupation, his group associates the peaceful external policy with the ohviots internal APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 societal attainments. These leaders sce au especially virtuous Sweden. Thev nviv unabashedly allud to their eountry as the 'cousc�ienc�e of the world" and proc�ced to play the gratuitous role of honest broker bchern contending nations. (laving it precedent in the active U.N. peacekeeping role of Sweden, notably ill the 1950's when Sweden's I)ag 11ammarskjold was SeL�retary General. the nexv act ivisill is more fla ill bovatit. Uldl and trusted f ids. such as the United States, nmv be excoriated{ for -he Indochina involvement. Ott the other hand. it iet brand{ of Healpolitik much closer to home, suc�ft as the effec�tke to of N011I) K or the intervention in Czecho- slovakia fit 1968, will elicit it spirited but relatively short liked censure, and one certainly less damaging of bilateral relations. \k hatever the moral nuartgage ou its pudic\ of neutrality, Sweden exploited to ad.�ant�ige a fortunalc geographic position, well t(, the north of the continc!ital invasion routes and buffered by Norway from the militarily vital North ;ltlantic shipping lanes. 'I'll( protracted period cif peace, notably in the 20th c�entim, enable:{ s:c�ial planners to effect steady progress in edhc�:;,;on and welfare�, two areas where Sweden now serves as the European. if not the world, nu,de{. With the near total investment of national resources in the continued ec�onouic� and social development of the coun.ry, (I ran lit tic progress was possible. ;1s early as in ',he mid -19th century, Sweden (joined onl\ by Denmark) had developed an effective compulsory n:atinn.vide prim ary education progran which by the early 20th century was able to achieve the virtual elimination of illiteracy. i1ra(i, b 19.2, Sweden had made the most progress :uavwhere outside of North Anwrica in transf(,rnting it traditionally elite upper secwAary educational system into one accessil,le to the masses. With upper secondary and universitx le\el enrollment increasing geometrically tt notch of W( stern Europe, Sweden has proved best able to cope with conditions through rapidl} expanding Plants and teaching staffs a nd a thoroughgoing reorg::a)ization of secondary and advanced{ education. The development of the a!�- pervasive welfare system in the present century and its effect, inter aliu, on public health standards, now the highest in the world, is self evident. �The absence for over 160 \cars of the human and material drain of warfare ushered in a period of startling economic growth. Rv the early 20th c�cntttry, the industrial empires were exploiting with efficiency 12 the countrv f: ce significant natural resmirc�es. notably iron orc. thither, and Lvdroelec�tric power. In the� nanufaclurc of products such as high gr:ale steel, dynamite, and shins thex were assisted 1>v weclish scientists who were \\nrld leaders in their re fields. The fia northern city of hinitia was developed, ill significant nu�asnre with government hinds, to help in tote extraction of the rich ir�m deposits froi. the region. 111 steel industry was ewihled to produce the world's finest product during the interwar cars and to maintain itself in the front rank ever since. Sweden's 1971 electric pox%rr c�apac�its (16.5 million kw.) and output (65 billiuu k\\. -hr.1 rank the smith nation abort 10th in the world, and its highiv efficient national power grid is second to none. Mon-over. ncarls three c,f electric power productiuu is based on national hvdru resources. 1) rin iii riI\ from large plants ou the northern rivers. The rvin cinder. its well as about half of Sweden's overall primar\ energy, is produced froth inipnrtcd petroleum. Imported coal acemitits for abort 5"( nf' Sweden *s encrp needs. )twithstanding the normal reliance nn imports, most energy needs sere inet during Wwld War II through careful allocation of hvclroclectric power via the national grid, which was then developed close to its prescul highly rational state. Wartime exigencies also prompted govenuucut intervention in agricultt.,^ and planning, subsidies. and price supports now :lrt APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 i c 7 Ai r nrrl,lyd ;,!;Irticr 'I"Cdrn rrnl;lin, irtlr,Illc "CIf- Irffic is Ill ;n foucl I,r(Iclurlion -no ac�roIIII)h"lI- nlrnt c ccrl.icic rill tllc� h;crlll rliln;Ilr. Ix,or coil. ;Intl I!nl,lil11dr of t ticcrd d II if ticrclrn ;;nicLl Irr u( hotilitir iII "orlcl Intl it I,olir nl 11rlllr;Ililc (od;I h r hcv�n.c�c i,rc�cl I Ic;! i Ihrurrlic;cllc ;I trr inilira11t ;11 i11cl11"tn I i1r "rlrll(rul In 1. lhr n;Ilio11 h;n hr(�II c�h;Ir;wtc�!irc cl. h;I rnol cony clrrlulu�d ;I rr. rllic�ir11t. ;1lhril r11;Ill. nliliLlr (orc�r. h111 h:I ;Ilo If""""' unr of t1w m)rld', nu,rr "illlif lnodI1 1 (,I ;crn!;I I I I I i11hihilion. I( ccillnl; if I;Iir of 111i" I ,rnc111rlic,n i" I rl,orl hrnnd lhr \onII I. I'hr Boor" (;on]I); I I IU,`�(' i'!I -lire. \c'r1)tInll;ill. ;Il .�I n;I!( I I I I i; I i I ,uII rrr in drnl;c11d he hnlll idrti dllrirlt, )dd \\;II II. I 1n11;1 ullr ul Illr l;l rt r t l)rl IInIfI 11(rr of I) i "I un ;u1cl Irc,\\cic�r in thr curld. Ill le llrc� ti111- I>md11rrd S jrl Ii211t .111(1 rrru11n;Ii",111rr Iirrr.Ilt :1 1111o11t; fhr nuo',t .c.Irlci;ic;cic cl in lhr ccorlcl. I?cc,ccr.c� III lhr of thc� S1 \B dric(n orir I,a.ic ;Iirc r;Iil Ir.c cl Cor aLlark. rrrnn11ai .1nrr. ;Ind inlrnrl �Ihr lnoclnrlicnl rr,,( rn:c\ I)c� kr�ltt I11ukirl> Ihr ,yin r:c(f ronil,rlilicrl\ lnirrd (,n lhr corlcl market. other rn;ljm ticcrdih Ii:-n kith I r dml!c� tic� ;11ld Corri: a clrfr11"r ronll:IC�I" ;Irc corn, I:rir,nu. tihl� Ball lir;crim> ;111(1 k(oc�kinw, 5hi1,c;lyd. \1 ith inll,mk c�nlllinrcl to l S. :Intl t,r )II 11(1 lo -aif mid ;fir -to -air Ini.'ilr" al Id monlr l S. rlrrlr mic rcl fill lr11rlI 5ccrdrrl k .ell- '1111iriellt iII I il"rll ccilh nloclrrlI, rrrdi1 1dI. do. IcIIw 111 u1111r11t. ti,rdrn ;coid;lnrr of .c:Ir h;l not olds hrll,rd ihr lrnd cult i\ ;it iIll of ;III ;Irnl:unrnk incllt.lr\. \\ith IV APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 each firrn siinnitancoIIsly engaged in civilian production to at Icasl 50 of its capacit but has also made the population unconnnonl, civil defense conscious. 'Phis awarcess bus enabled the go,crnnu nt to cc,:istruct an unnatched civil tip ft;sc s,stern against nuclear or other attack. With giant air -raid shelters in the central districts of the 14 largest cities and local shelters under all apartment limises, school,. hospitals, office buildings, and factories constructed since 1945, all of the urban population required to remain in the cities to rnarshall the war effort �some 2,000,000 persons could be protected. t 1 ditio :.tll,, there are accessible food and water storage areas in or adjacent to the shelters, a highly sophisticated earl, warning system, and special underground control centers to assure functioning of the various government agencies during an attack. 14 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 Sweden's civil defense system is in a class by itse,' This bomb shelter railway stop leads to an underground pharmaceutical plant and blood bank. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 25X1 The famous Swedish sculptor Cori Milles has depicted the Swedish religious leader and visionary Emanuel Swedenborg (left) and the hand of God lifting mankind toward heaven. churches is ncr mare than Wi of those who identify with the faith. It may be argued that the S%%vdish Social Democrats c:.en point to fcmir decades of social development which, however impersonal, still reflect concern for the nee(;s of each citizen. ;1nd c %en the austere, eminently st,cular briireat �craw L\isht,s for some "(:hristiau� instruction to be provided in the primuiry schools. altliough it nia\ be given to 6 -year- olds cheek by jowl with rather explicit ***** e(rication material. Swedish social democrae\ has, over the long haul. seemed more grounded i Saint Sinrtni's Ix (:hri.s- tiani.sme nourvau than in Karl Marx's 1)ris Kapital. Its present leadership's lapse into the more tradi- tional I- mropean soci.:lism sterns fn in a fear of resting on past laurels, lest the part\ lost its narrow phiralit\ in tht, general elections schedtiled for September 1973. The part\'s formula for snecess that vv as adopted in iS6!s cntit iled, in effect, further socialization at home and an active international peace- seeking role. In their search for ways to continue Sweden's dramatic niodent progress, national leaders roar\ he forced to reevaluate the long -term rirnificalions of '�strict neritraIity" in a rapidly 16 shrinking world of vver store complex international ties and relationships, Economic iniperetives msually re( iuire political fit( r\eine It. challerigt, that would bt, consonent with the c( lirai;coiis flexibility that marked Social Democm,ic polio of past decades might be to attempt to lead a reltic'mit public opinion into acceptance of closer ecoruanic collaboration with the Ftiropciui (:onununiN, s� st,t,miingly in 1972 the sine qua nom to con! nmed prosperity and industrial grossth. W'hatcvvr course of action is decided iipron under the stiimulms of an impending election, small (Iv uanlic Ssseden will be concerned primarily with maintaining its rapid pace of advancenwitt and then. at least over the short haul, \kith prosel\ting abroad its prestinied higher order of moralih. In the spring of 1972, Tat; :rlander. Svve,Ii social dt,inocracv's respected elder statesman, concluded it vv ill continue to be a very hard fight to bring about this slightl\ more intelligent world. It alvv ;!vs is. It always has been." APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP0l- 00707R000200090017 -8 Chronology 800 -1060 Swedish Vil expeditions head eastward. Rurick founds Russion state at Kiyev about 862). 829 -1160 Christianity comes to Sweden. 1157 -1293 Conquest of Finland takes place. 1397 The Union of Kalmar brings the kingdoms of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark under one crown and endures desultorily until e. 1520. 1435 The first parliament Riksdag) is convened, comprising representatives of the mobility, clergy, burghers, and peasants. 1523 Sweden bees mes an independent national state under Gustav Vasa as King. 1630 -48 Sweden battles with brilliant success in the Thirty Years War, losing King Gustavus Adolphus at the battle of Lutzea in 1632. 1809 Sweden surrenders Finland to Russia. June Sweden obtains a new constitution, the Instrumer,r of Government, the first of four fundamental laws on which the present political system is based. 1810 August Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, one of Napoleon's marshals, is proclaimed heir apparent to the Swedish throne by the Riksdag; he assumes the crown in 1818 as Charles XIV John. September TI Act of Succession, the second fundamental law, is adopted, confirming the Bernadotte line on the male side as heirs to the throne. 1814 January Denmark is forced to cede Norway to Sweden by the Peace of Kiel. A 2 -month war with Norway, Sweden's last, brings Norway into union with Sweden. 1866 January The Riksdag Act, the third fundamental law, is adopted, replacing the old representative assembly with its four estates by a bicameral body. 1882 Swedish emigration constituting 20% of mean popula- tion between 1860 and 1930) to the United States reaches its peak. 1889 April The Swedish Social Democratic Labor Party is founded. 1905 May Union with Norway is dissolver.. 1914 -18 Sweden maintains neutrality in World War I. 1519 Universal suffrage is attained with granting of vote to women. 1920 March The first Social Democratic cabinet is formed under Hjalmar Branting. 932 October The Social Democrats become the ruling party and form a government under Per Albin Hansson. 1939 -45 Sweden maintains neutrality in World War II. 1946 November Sweden joins the United Nations. 1948 April Sweden becomes a charter member of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, later the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 1949 The Freedom of the Press Act, the fourth fundamental law, updates previous laws safeguarding liberty of the press. 17 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 1952 March Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland create the Nordic Council joined by Finland in 1955). 1960 March The Riksdag ratifies Swedish membership in the European Free Trade Association. 1961 December Sweden applies for associate membership in 6e European Economic Community. 1966 September The governing Social Democratic Party suffers a sharp setback in the provincial and municipal elections. 1967 May The International War Crimes Tribunal, sponsored by the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, convenes in Stock- holm purportedly to investigate the extent and nature of "U.S. aggression in Vietnam." 1968 February Olof Palme, Minister of Education, marches alongside North Vietnamese diplomats in an anti American demon stration in Stockholm. 18 September Social Democrat, vein a clear majority in elections for the Riksdag. 1969 January Sweden recognizes North Vietnam. October Palme succeeds Tage Erlander as chairman of the Social Democratic Party and assumes leadership of the gwvern- ment. December Miners in Kiruna begin 2 -month long wildcat strike. 1970 September In first elections under electoral reform, Social Democratic Party loses clear majority but retains control of govern- ment. 1971 January New unicameral Riksdag convenes for first session. 1972 January Housewives demonstrate against high food prices. June U.N. Environmental Conference is held in Stockholm. December Sweden ratifies free trade agreement with the European Communities. Sweden recognizes East Germany. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 Area Brief LAND Size: 173,000 sq. mi. Use: 8% arable, 1% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 36% other Land boundaries: 1,365 mi. PEOPLE Population: 8,133,000, average annual growth rate 0.7% from 1960 to 1970 Ethnic divisions: Homogen, ous wl+. ;te population; small Lappish minority Religion: 94% Evangelical Lutheran, 5% other Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, 1% other Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish- speaking minorities Literacy: 99.9% Labor force: 3.9 million; 11.8% agriculture, forestry, fish- ing; 33.5% mining and manufacturing; 9.6% construction; 15.5% commerce; 7.2% transportation and communica- tions; 20.9% services; 2.8% unemployed Organized labor: 80% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Sweden Type: Constitutional monarchy Capital: Stockholm Political subdivisions: 24 provinces, 624 communes, 224 towns Legal system: Civil law system influenced by customary law; Acts of 1809, 1810, 1866, and 1949 serve as Consti- tution; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stock- holm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Riksdag) executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts Government leaders: King Gustav VI Adolf; Prime Min- ister Olof Palme Suffrage: Universal, but not compulsory, over age 20 Elections: Every 3 years (next in 1973) Political parties and leaders: Moderate Coalition (con- servative), Gosta Bohman; Center, Thorbjorn Falldin; Liberal, Gunnar Helen; Social Democratic, Olof Palme; Communist, Carl- Henrik Hermansson; Communist League of Marxists Leninists (KFML), Gunnar Bylin Voting strength (1970 elft*11jn). 11.5% Moderate Coali- tion, 19.9% Center, 16.2% Liberal, 45.3% Social Demo- cratic, 4.8% Communist, 2.3 other Communists: 17,000; a number of sympathizers as indi- cated by the 236,700 Communist votes cast in 1970 elec- tions; an additional 21,200 votes cast for Maoist KFML Member of: Council of Europe, EC (Draft Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAFA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $37.8 billion, $4,650 per capita (1971); 53.5% consumption, 22.1% investment, 23.3% government; 1.1% net exports of goods and services; 1971 growth rate 0.3% in constant prices Agriculture: Animal husbandry predominates with milk and dairy products accounting for 40% of farm income; main crops- grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 80% self sufficient; food shortages --oils and fats, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,880 calories per day per capita (1967 -68) Major industries: Iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), ship- building, wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, textiles, chemicals Shortages: Coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt Crude steel: 5.3 million metric tons produced (1971), 650 kilograms per capita Electric power: 16.5 million kw. capacity (1971); 66.5 billion kw. -hr. produced (1971), 8,164 kw. -hr. per capita Exports: $7,932 million (f.o.b., 1971); machinery, motor vehicles and ships, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals Imports: $7,524 million (:.i.f., 1971); machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, and live animals Major trade partners: (1971) West Germany 15.0 U.K. 13.8 U.S. 7.2 Norway 8.3 Denmark 9.0 EFTA 42.4 EC 29.7 Communist countries 4.8% Aid: Economic-U.S., $206.4 million authorized (FY46- 71); $18.5 million in 1971 net official aid to less developed countries and multilateral agencies, $662.4 million (1960- 70), $71.4 million in 1968, $120.8 million in 1969, $154.6 million in 1970, $180 million in 1971 Monetary conversion rate: 4.81 kronur =US$1 (central rate, 1971) Fiscal year: 1 July -30 June 19 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 7,578 mi.; Swedish State Railways (ST) 7,004 mi. standard gage (4 4,373 mi. electrified, 723 mi. double tracked; 165 mi. narrow gage (3'6" and 2 and 311 mi. standard gage (4'8% and 98 mi. narrow gage (2 are privately owned and operated Highways: 61,000 mi.; 44,500 mi. are crushed stone, gravel, or unproved earth; and 16,500 mi. are bitumen, concrete, stone block, or cobblestone Inland wat �*ways: 1,275 mi. navigable for small steamers and barges Ports: 17 major, and about 150 minor Merchant marine: 352 ships (1,000 CRT or over) totaling 4,641,218 CRT, 7,138,988 DWT 01 Civil air: 65 major transports registered Airfields: 162 usable; 86 with per,aanent surface runways: 5 with runways 8,000 11,999 ft., 59 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 9 seaplane stations Telecommunications: Excellent domestic and international facilities; 4,636,000 telephones; 42 AM, 85 FM, and 1.96 TV stations; 5 million radio and 2.7 million TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Males 15 -49, 1,894,000; 1,660,000 fit for military service; 56,000 reach military age (19) an- nually, the Swedish Army has no standing tactical units Military budget: For fiscal year ending 30 June 1973, $1.47 billion; about 12% of central government budget FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 Places and features referred to In this General Survey COORDINATES COORDINATES APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 o 'N. o ,p o (N 4 Aaptta 66 :il 3_ 3 I Kan�;uando....... 68 27 22 29 Si-f fie... Abisko 68 20 I`i 51 liar� lsborg 65 18 2:3 17 Saffle Kanal (racial).... lgesta 59 14 18 05 Karlshanin 56 1(1 14 51 Saltsj6buden................. Altnedal (rr sta) :i7 41 12 00 Karls kron a............................. 56 10 15 35 Sassnitz, E. Germany.................... Alnosundet (channel) f12 24 17 23 Karlstad........ 59 22 1:3 :30 Siye.... llvsborg 52 K arungi. 66 0:3 2 :3 57 Sivenits (sec. of Goteborg)................. :l hkarleby........... (10 34 17 27 Katrineholm 59 00 16 12 Simpvarp tilvsbyn (sec. of Goteborg) 6.5 40 21 00 Kattegat clruil :i7 00 11 00 Skagerrak istrui l)........................ Inge 63 27 11 03 Keuli, Finland.... 65 44 24 3.1 Skine region ingelhohn 56 15 12 51 Kit..... 59 30 1:3 19 Skalstugan (farm.;...................... f Angermaniilven (strm) tit 48 17 56 Kilafors................................ t;l 14 lb 34 I Skara... Arendal see. of Goteborg) 57 42 i1 50 Kimsta d 58 :32 15 58 Skitrholmen (sec. of Stockholm) Arjang 59 23 12 08 Kinda Kanal (canal)..................... 58 17 15 42 I Skelleftea f arsta (sec. (,f Stockholm) 59 18 18 03 Kiruna 67 51 -0 13 Skcivde........................ arstaviken (lake) 89 18 18 02 KlingerfjiiMen (ba,y)..................... 62 29 17 26 Soriertiilje :lrvids 'our J 6:i :3:i 19 10 Knippelholmen (isls) 57 41 11 49 Siider:iilje Kuna.l (canal) A storp 56 08 12 57 Kongsvinger, Norway.................... 60 12 12 00 Solna............ Avesta. 60 09 16 12 Kopparberg 59 52 14 fig Sound, The (sound)...................... Baltic Sea (sea' 56 00 18 00 Kornsjo, Norway 58 57 11 :39 Stensele. E Barsebiick (estate) 55 46 12 57 Kris' ianstud 56 02 1�1 08 Stenungsund Bastutr iisk 64 47 20 02 Kristinehamn 59 20 14 07 Stockholm Bavehn (strm)....... 58 21 11 5 Krylbo 60 08 Ili 1:3 Storlicn (n� sla)......................... Berga farm) :i9 05 i8 08 Kuttikeuborg (ser of Sundsnull)............ 62 2:3 17 21 Storuman Billingen (upland) 58 24 13 45 Kungsbacka 57 29 12 0.1 Strangnas Roden 65 50 21 42 Kungsholmen (isl) 56 06 15 35 Strilssa................................. i3or: is :i7 1:3 12 55 Kungsangen. 59 29 17 45 Str6mmen (bay) Borlange 60 29 15 25 Kvarn arm 58 38 15 18 Str6rnstad Rorens berg 58 34 15) 17 Laholmsbukten (bay) fit) 35 12 50 Studsvik i Bothnia. Gulf of iyulG 63 00 20 00 Laisv- ll 66 08 17 10 Sundbyberg Briieke 62 43 15 27 Litn dskrona 55 52 12 50 S11111i5vall. Brhviken inlet; 58 38 16 32 Lan lsort 58 45 17 52 Sundsvallsbukten (hay)................... t BCofjorden )fiord) 58 22 11 26 Lantsele. 63 :31 17 49 Sundsyallsfjarden )bay)... 1 Brunflo 63 05 14 �19 Lap and region) 68 00 25 00 Svappavaara Cha riot ten berg 59 53 12 17 Laxit........ 58 59 14 :37 Svartosund '.arrows).................... Copenhagen, Denmark 55 40 12 35 Leksandr- Noret......................... 60 44 14 59 TO)% .sec. of Stockholm) Dalarna (rcvion .......I tit 01 11 04 Leningrad, U.S 1.R...................... 59 55 30 15 T anum I....... Dalaro 59 08 18 24 Lidingii. 51) 22 18 (i8 Tingstad (six. of Goteborg)................ Dalslands Kanal ('racial) 58 51 12 21 i, imhamn Ui 3:5 12 54 Tjuvhohnssundet (narrows)............... I Domnurvet (sec. of Borkinge) (io 30 15 27 Linko 'is 25 Ifi :37 Tornio, Finland f Enkii in 59 38 17 01 Ijungan xlrov.......................... 62 19 17 2:3 Torsmo.. Falk6ping 58 10 13 :31 L6v6.... 56 :i9 Ili 28 Traventiinde, W. Germany............... F'itrsta (sec. of Stockholm) -)9 ;ii IS 05 Ludvika. 60 09 15 il I' relleborg E Finnklippan (ist) 65 29 22 15 Luleil... 65 :34 22 11) Trollhiitte Kanal (canal) r Forsmo 63 16 17 12 Lute; ily 65 :35 r, 22 03 T rollhi ittan I........ Forsmark 60 22 18 of) I. und... .iii 42 1:3 I1 rrondheitn. Norway..................... G Fredrikstad, Norwa.y 59 1:3 10 57 Luossavaara (nit) (i7 :i2 20 I.1 T rosa 5 Frio' i 59 08 It 52 L.% cksele 64 :36 18 4(I Uddevalla 5 Gallivare 67 08 20 �12 Lysekil.. :i8 Ili 11 26 Ulvsunda (srr.of Stockholm) 5 Giirda 57 :35 12 06 Midaren lake;.......................... 59 30 17 12 Unx� ii... 6 Giivle 60 40 17 10 Malniberget I.. 67 10 20 40 Un wily. 6 Gavlean (slrcn) 60 -t0 17 09 Malmo.. 55 :36 1:3 00 Uppsala....... 5 Gaitlebukten (bay) 60 -12 17 20 Malinsliitt 58 2:i 1.5 :30 Vi iddo.. 5 Germundofjiirden (bay) 65 29 22 1:3 Hirsta.. 59 :37 17 51 Vallingby (ser. of Stockholm) 5 Giita Kanal canol) 58 50 13 58 Marviken (core) 60 117 18 49 Vallinge farm) 5 GiAaiily slrnr 57 42 ll 52 Mellansel 6:3 26 18 19 Viinern lake ri Go teborg 57 43 11 58 3 lellerud 58 42 12 28 Vanersborg 5 Gotland isl 57 30 18 3:3 Nlidsommarkntnser, (ser. of .Stockholm)..... 59 18 18 00 Vanniis.. 6 Griingesb erg 60 05 11 5! 1 M jolby.. 58 19 115 08 Varberg................ 5 Griuihuuuisfjnrdrn (sound) i9 13 19 09 Mo, Nor way 66 19 l t Ill Vii. amo 5 Grirnskar i ,Sl) .iii 39 16 22 Morjary 66 04 22 .1:3 Vi istenis................................ 5 Gripsholm (castle) .)9 15 17 13 Motaht Strom (strm)..................... .;-s 3.,S Ili oo Vasterg&tland (region)................... ii Groncial (sec. qf Stockholm) 59 IJ 18 00 Musko isl 59 00 15 06 Vi isiervik 5 Gulf of Bothnia (gulf) 63 00 20 00 Mysingen (bay) 59 00 18 15 Viistra Fr6lunda (ser. of Goteborg) 5 i li igerni is :i9 27 18 08 Naantali� Finland...... fill 27 22 02 Viixji;. 5 Ilagfors 60 02 13 42 \i issjo.. 57 39 1.1 41 Vaxholmsfastning fort).................. 5 14alland region :ii 01 12 42 Narvik. Norway......................... (i8 26 17 25 Vattern aka) 5 111 itlniis 6.1 19 19 38 Na 59 26 18 06 Vidsel... 6 Ifi tllsherg 59 0.1 15 07 Nissan sl r,n :i6 40 12 51 Vietas 6 Ilalms tad 56 :39 12 50 Norrki) ping .i8 36 16 11 Vinga isl 5 Iliilsinghorg 56 0:3 12 42 Crih ticil sea) i 56 0(. t 0:3 00 t. 1�s ad 5 Ilaparanda 65 50 2.1 10 Norwegian Sell (sea). 70 00 0:1 90 Ilarli)sit 55 4:3 13 32 Nyk ))ping........................ 58 -15 17 90 Selected airfields lliiloosnd 62 38 17 56 yniishiuu :i8 5.1 17 57 A rlanda. 5 iiiissleltolri 56 09 1:3 �16 Odes hiig 58 1.1 It 39 Bronill a 5 :i7 If! 11 5:3 Oland (isl) b 15 16 3S Bulltofta 5 lljulmaren 1111ko 511 15 15 15 Orebro.. 59 17 l5 iT Froson. 6 iI orb 'x 55 :i1 I:3 39 Ornskoldsvik ,r, .aa)..................... 63 17 18 �12 llulntstatl 5 Ilorsfjarden ;bay) 59 0.1 16 to Uskarshanin.. 57 16 16 24; llultsfred.............. 5 Noting 6.1 117 18 10 Oslo, Norway 51) 55 10 15 Jonkoping............ Iludiksvall 61 44 17 07 6stersund 63 11 1.1 39 Kallax.................. a indalsalven (slrtn 62 31 17 27 Overtorneii.. 66 2:3 23 40 Kalmar 5 Janitland (region) (i:3 21i 110�I helostrn( 1.............................. :i8 4(1 17 Oti Karlsta d ;i l rrvi Sit r1C 17 31 Pit �i 6 .5 :311 Kmmn Johamw1und (ser. of hinkopiny)........... .i8 25 15 37 lint (ser. of 11olsinybory) 56 00 12 .1 .1 Kungsangen........ kink); ping 57 17 14 11 Rito fa rin i7 24 11 f,6 Ornskotdsvik.......... Jonsered 57 45 12 Ill Mi6n isl 58 09 11 2.1 11onneby 5 16m 6:i 04 20 02 Nevingehed 5 5 1:3 13 29 Sandviken................... 6 Jungfrufjarden (bay) fig 09 27 07 Riks griinsen (18 2:3 18 06 Skelleftea 6 Kuitum tin :33 13 38 liinghals point) 57 15 12 05 Sundsvall llarnosand.................... 6 Kalix 65 a1 23 08 Ritsetnjokkhtan (resort) 67 �13 17 28 T orslanda 1 5 Kalmar 56 .10 16 '22 Ilonaeleitsen (hills) 55 :34 13 33 i Umea.................................. 6 Kalntarsund (sound) 56 40 16 25 Iliinnskiir (rr slop) 64 40 21 1(3 1 Visby APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 Place; and features referred to in this General Survey C 001? DINATKS (Y/UaDINATES coonDINATE'S APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 o 1E 'N. 'I�;. o 'N 'E. 66 51 2:3 32 Karc,tiando....... 4 i 27 22 29 Siiffh.. 59 OS 12 56 6S 20 18 51 Karlsborg 65 48 2:3 17 Siiffle K.uutl (carmV 59 07 12 5:5 59 14 18 05 Karlshamn .56 Ill 1.1 51 Saltsjohadt �n .i9 17 18 18 I (rr sta) 57 41 12 00 Karlskrona................ I :56 111 15 35 Sassnitz, F. Germany.................... 54 31 1:3 39 del (channel) 62 24 17 2 :3 Karl stud 59 22 13 30 Save.... 57 4S 11 55 57 40 11 :52 Karlingi 66 03 2:3 :57 Siivc�niis (sec. of C(itebory)................. 57 9:3 12 02 eby 60 :34 17 27 Katrineholm :59 00 Ifi 12 Simpvarp 57 25 16 40 (sec. of Goteborg) 6:5 40 21 00 Kattegat strait) I 57 00 11 00 Skagerrak (strait)... 5: 45 09 00 63 27 14 03 Kemi, Finland 65 44 24 34 SkSne( region 5: 59 1:3 30 olm 5(i 15 12 51 Kil..... 59 30 13 19 Skalstugan (farms) 6:3 35 12 16 anulvcn (slrrni...... 62 48 r 17 56 Kilf aors........ (it 14 16 :34 Skitra....................... 58 22 13 25 (sec. of Gotcbory) 57 42 11 till Kimst.ad..................... 58 32 15 58 Skiirholmen (sec. of St.,ekholm) 59 17 17 5:3 59 23 12 OS Kinda Banal (canal) 58 17 15 42 Skelleftea 64 4620 57 sec. of Stockholm) i9 18 18 03 Kiruna... 67 51 20 13 Skbvde.. 58 24 13 50 ken (lake�) 59 1S 18 02 Klingerfjiirden (bay)..................... 62 29 17 26 Sodertidje 59 12 17 37 our 65 35 19 10 Knippelholnlen (isls)..................... 57 41 11 49 Sodertiilje Kanal (canal) 59 12 17 38 56 08 12 57 Kongsvinger, Norwayy 60 J2 12 00 Solna........... 59 22 18 O1 60 09 16 12 Kopparberg I........ 59 52 14 59 Sound,'rhe (sound)...................... 55 till 12 40 ea (sea) :i6 00 18 00 Kornsjo, Norway........................ 58 57 11 39 Stensele. 65 05 !7 10 'ek estate) 55 -Iti 12 57 Kristianstad 5 02 11 ON Stenungsund 58 05 11 49 `A 64 47 30 02 Kristinehamn 59 20 1.1 07 Stockholm... 59 20 18 03 slrm 58 21 11 55 Krylbo.. 60 OS 16 13 Storlien (rr sla)......................... 11:3 19 12 06 arm`........... I I 59 05 l8 08 Kubikenborg (sec of Sundst 62 23 17 21 Storunutn 65 06 17 06 n (upland) 5S 2.1 13 45 Kungsbacka 57 29 12 0.1 Striingniis 59 23 17 02 65 50 21 12 Kungsholmen (isl) 6 15 35 St. ritssa 59 45 15 13 57 43 12 55 K ungsAngen 59 29 17 45 Strommen (bay) 59 19 18 05 e (ill 29 15 25 Kvarn farm 58 38 15 18 Stromstud 58 f5 11 10 erg 58 34 15 17 Laholmsbukten (bay) 513 :35 12 50 Studsvik 58 46 17 23 Gulf of(gulr G3 00 20 00 Laisvall. 66 08 17 10 Sundbv berg 59 22 17 58 62 43 15 27 Landskrona >.5 52 12 :ill A undsvu ll (32 2:3 17 18 n inlet) 58 38 16 :32 Landsort 58 45 17 52 Sundsvallsbukten (bay) 62 20 17 35 en (fiord� 58 22 11 26 Langsele 63 :31 17 �19 Sundsvallsfjiirden (bay).................. 62 2:3 17 21 63 O:i 14 49 Lapland region) 68 00 25 00 Svappavaarn 67 39 21 04 tenberg 59 5:3 12 17 Laxa 58 59 14 :37 Svartosund (narrows).................... 65 :33 22 13 gen, Denmark 55 40 12 35 Leksands- Noret......................... 60 44 14 59 7Tiby (sec. (f Stockholm).................. 59 :30 18 03 region 61 111 14 01 Leningrad, U.S.S.R...................... 59 55 :30 ltd T anum I....... 58 .13 11 20 59 08 IS 24 Lidingii. 59 22 18 08 Tingstad (sec. of Goteborg) 57 44 11 59 ds Kanal (canal) 58 51 12 21 Limliamn 55 35 12 54 Tjuvholrnssundet (narron's)............... 65 32 22 11 rvet (sec. of Borl6ngc) 6O :30 15 27 Link6ping 58 25 15 :37 'Tornio. Finland 65 51 24 08 59 '38 17 04 I'jun�to ar,n 62 19 17 23 I T orsmo I................ 61 12 14 :i8 ng 5S 11) 13 :31 Liiv iS 56 59 16 28 Travenliinde, W. Gerrnany............... 53 58 10 52 (,sec. of Stockholm) 59 15 18 05 Ludvika. 60 O9 15 11 Trellehorg 55 22 1:3 10 ppan (ish 65 29 22 15 1, uIeii.................................. 65 :3 -1 22 10 Trollhiate Kanal (canal) 57 43 11 :)S 63 16 17 12 v Luleul.... (i.5 35 22 0:3 Trollhi itmn 58 16 12 18 rk fill 22 18 09 Lund... 55 42 13 11 'Trondheim, Norwa 63 25 10 25 stad, Norway....... 59 13 10 of Luossavaara (rntl o2 157 20 1.1 T rosa 58 54 17 33 ...........I 59 08 14 :5'2 Lyeksele 61 36 18 �10 U ddevalla 58 21 11 50 e 67 08 20 12 I. ysekil.. 58 115 11 26 Ulvsunda (sec. of Stockholm) 59 20 it 58 57 :3:i 12 Ofi \liilamn (lake) :i9 30 17 12 l' mt A... 63 5( 20 15 till 40 17 10 Malmberret............................ 67 10 20 40 17111ei ih� 63 47 20 ltd (shin) 60 -10 17 09 Talmo.. :55 36 13 00 Uppsti'' i. 59 52 17 :38 kten (bay) 61) 42 17 20 M almshitt 58 25 15 :30 Vi idoo.. 59 59 18 49 d6fjiirden (bay) 65 29 22 1:3 li irsta.. i9 :37 17 51 \'iillin by (sce. of Stockholm). 59 22 17 52 nal (canal) 58 50 1:3 58 1larviken (Corr) 60 07 18 49 Viillinge farm).......................... 59 16 17 42 slr tit 57 -12 11 52 lel lansel 6:3 26 l8 19 Vunern lake 58 Std 13 30 g .57 �1:3 II 58 M ellerud 58 42 12 28 Viinersbong 58 22 12 19 i sl) .i7 30 18 :3:3 Midsommarkransen (sec. of .Stockholm).. 59 18 18 00 Viinnas.. 63 55 19 45 bet (ill 05 It 5! 1 \1 olby 58 19 15 ON Varber 57 06 12 15 mnsfjurden (sound) .59 43 l9 09 \to, No- way............................ 66 19 1-1 10 \'arnamo I 57 11 14 02 r isl) J6 39 16 22 M or1.. rv. 66 04 22 43 Vii sterns. 59 37 16 33 lm (castle).. .i9 I.i 17 1 :3 Nlotala Str6in (.cunt) 5S :38 1(i of) Vastergotland (rcyinn) 58 01 13 03 (sec. of .Stockholm) 59 I9 18 00 Musko t t, a l;............................. 59 (Ill I8 Ofi Va stervik 56 15 14 24 Bothnia (gulf) 63 00 20 00 \lysingen (bay) 59 00 18 15 Viistra Fr6lunda (sec. of Gideborg) 57 .i:) 11 52 s 59 27 18 08 Namitali, Finland....................... (30 27 22 02 iixjo... t,(i 53 14 49 I...... 150 02 1:3 12 Niissji).. 57 39 i�1 41 Vaxholnrfustning (.fort) 59 24 IN 21 (region :57 01 12 42 Niirvik. Norway......................... (i8 26 17 215 Viittern lake 58 24 1.1 36 64 19 19 :38 N iisbvpark 59 26 18 06 Vidsel... 05 51 20 31 g 59 04 15 07 Nissan straW.. 56 .10 12 51 Vietas.................................. 67 30 18 ')r) d 56 39 12 50 Norrkoping 58 31i 16 11 Vmga isl 57 38 11 36 org :5(5 O:i 12 .1 North Sea (seal 56 00 03 00 Yst.ad 25 13 .19 da fia `iO 2.1 !0 Norwegian Sea (sea) 70 00 05 00 :i:i -13 1:3 32 \ykiil)ili} r, 58 -15 17 00 Selected airfields nd (52 38 1? 56 Nv nasham 58 5r1 17 57 Arinllda..... .)9 40 17 56 In' 54; 09 13 46 O desho g. 58 1.1 It ;if) l3roninia 59 21 17 5 (i -eP 57 16 11 3 I (Hand (isl) 56 15 16 38 131111toftll 55 36) 13 0.1 en (lak 59 l.i 15 15 Orebro 59 17 I5 13 Froson 15:3 12 1.1 30 :iii 51 1:3 :i9 Oroskoldsvik rr sl,i 6:3 17 IS "12 Ilit lnlst ad 56 41 12 49 den (boll) :i0 o.1 Ifi Ill Oskarshanin............................ 57 16 111 26 I lultsfred .i7 36 15 .ill 0.1 07 18 10 Oslo, Norway' 51) :)5 10 1n Jonkoping...................... I 59 -16 14 05 t! 6 1 11 17 07 Ost ersund 63 11 11 39 Kal lax.. 65 33 22 08 rin. 62 31 17 27 Ovcrtorned.. 66 2:3 '.:3 10 Nalmar 513 41 16 17 ,:un) 63 26 1.1 04 OXolii- .411.(1 58 .10 Ii 111; Narl stall 59 22 13 28 .ill (16 17 :31 I' ilea I. 10 21 ;1 Kiruna........................ 67 -19 20 21 lun(1 ISCC. (ql L,nkopiny) 5S 25 1 5 :37 li.:ta (scc. of llolsingboryl..... :141 410 1 L .1 1 i\' ungsangen ...1 Iti 15 g I Ii I R 66 n r 57 2.1 1 511 Or )nrtt 3 25 18 :)9 5I 15 1 1 11! i ').1 R I)y".ik............ 1 13.1 114 211 1!:) Re, ingched.... 13 1:3 2'11 Sandviken.............. (50 3fi 16 57 nrden bni 11.1 o ..t Ot liik �sg ramln. 68 2 :3 18 ()6 SI 'Ieff-1 64 iti 21 05 67 :33 18 :38 Ringhals (point).......... 57 1:1 12 05 llarnosand.................... 6'.' 17 27 65 51 '2 :3 (I8 ItitsenijokkAtan (resort) 67 43 17 28 Torslanda.............. 5, 12 11 47 5(i 40 lid 22 Romeleilscn (hots) 55 34 13 33 l' mea... 63 48 211 1, rd (xoitndI....... .its �10 Ifi 25 Rimnskhr (r- stop) 64 40 21 Iti Vishy... 57 :39 I8 20 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 t�UURDINATFS rQ1ID 7116M..Wl3fa C?) I F 00 7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 rl.' I o c,1 o ,F- Aapua 66 51 23 :32 Kan-.nand (iti 27 22 21) Siiffle................. Abisko 68 20 Is 51 Karl; Borg 6.3 IS 2:3 17 Saffle Kanal lcunal).... Y19esta 59 14 Is 0:5 Karlslianin.......... 5(i 10 14 51 Saltsjobaden. Almedal (rr sta) 57 41 12 00 Karls. krona 56 10 15 35 Sassnitz, E. Germany.. Alnosllndet (channel) tit 24 17 23 K:urlstad............. 59 22 1:3 :30 Save... Alvsborg 57 40 11 52 K arung, i. 6(i 03 23 57 Saveniis(sec. Goteborg).... 11hkarleby 60 :34 17 '27 Katrineholm 59 00 16 12 Sim van Alvsbyn (sec. of Goteborg) 63 40 21 00 E-- ttegat (s trait)......................... .57 00 11 00 Skagerrak odruit Ange 63 27 i4 03 Kenli, Finland 65 44 24 34 Skhne (region).............. Xngelhohn 15 7 l: )1 Kil........................ 59 30 13 19 Ska!stugxn (fanns) :kn erman:ilven (slroa g (32 48 17 56 Kilafors fit 11 16 34 Skara................... Arendal (sec. of Goteborg) 57 42 It 50 Kllll stud 5l) :32 15 59 Skiirholmen (sec. of.Stockholm) A rjang :i9 23 12 08 Kinda Kanal (canal)..................... 59 17 15 42 Skelleftea................... Arsta (sec. of Siockholm) 59 18 IS 03 Kiruna.. 67 51 20 13 Skovde.................. .lretaviken (lake) :59 IS 18 02 Klingerfjimlen (buy)..................... fit 29 17 26 Sodertidje Arvidsjaur ti:i '35 19 10 Kni ppelholnlen (isls)....... 57 41 11 49 S6dertidje Kanal (canal;...... :lstorp 56 Os 12 57 Kongsvinger, Norway................... 60 12 12 00 Solna Avesta 60 09 16 12 Kopparberg 59 52 14 59 Sound. The (sound) Baltic Sea (sc�a) 56 00 is 00 Kornsjo, Norway........................ 58 57 I1 39 Stensele.................... Barsebiiek (estate) 5:5 46 12 57 Kristianstad 56 02 14 08 Stenungsund................ Bastutriisk 7 64 4r 20 02 Kristineliamn 59 :,U 14 07 Stockholm.................. Bavean strrn 58 21 11 55 Krylho (iO ON 16 13 torlien (rr sta)............. Berga .f a rm 59 0:i 18 08 Kubikenborg (ser,f Sundsvall) fit 2:3 17 21 I Storuman................. Billing en 'ic p fund) :58 24 1:3 45 Kungsbacka 57 29 12 04 Striin ni IS. Bolen 65 5O ll 42 Kun sholmcn (is g. 5(i Ofi 15 35 titrAssa......... 13orils 57 43 12 55 Kungs angen .59 29 17 �15 Strommen (bay Borhinge 60 29 15 25 Kvarn farrn 58 38 15 IS Stroinstad.................. Bore nsberg 53 :34 15 17 Laholmsbukten (be_y).................... .5(i 35 12 50 Studsvik................... Bothnia, Gulf of (,vul f 63 00 20 O0 La. isvall. 6(i 08 17 10 I Sundbvber Briteke 62 43 15 27 Landskrona..... 55 52 12 50 Sundsvall..... Brllviken inlet) 58 38 16 32 Landsort 58 45 17 52 Sundsvallsbukten tba lipfjorden fiord) 58 22 11 26 Langsele 63 31 17 49 Sundsvatlsfj.irdvn (bay;... Brunflo 6. 05 14 19 Lapland region) 68 00 25 00 Svappavaarn......... Charlottenberg 59 53 12 17 Luxh 58 59 14 :37 Svartosund (narrou-s)........ Copenhagen, Denmark 5:i 40 12 35 I Leksands- Nortt. 60 44 14 59 Tiiby (scc. of. Stockholm;...... Dalarna region 61 01 11 04 Leningrad, U.S .S R...................... 59 55 :30 15 Tanuin Dalarb 59 08 18 2.1 Lidingii. :59 22 18 08 Tingstad (sec. of C;(jlcbary).... Dalslands Kanal (canal) :i8 51 12 24 Limhamn 55 :35 12 54 'I'juvholmssundet (ra.rrows)... Domnarvet (sec. of Borhinyc) 60 :30 15 27 Linkoping 58 25 15 :37 'Tornio, Finland............. Enk6 ping 59 38 17 04 Ljungan (s Iron;.......................... 62 19 17 2:3 Torsnto............... Falk6 pin 58 i0 13 3I Liivo.... 56 59 It; 2s Travemunde, W. C:ermany... Farsta (sec. of Slockholnl) 51) 15 18 05 Ludvika. 60 09 1:5 11 Trelleborg.................. Finnklippan fist) 65 29 22 15 Im le: i... 65 :34 22 10 Trollhiitte Kanal (canal).... Forsmo 63 16 17 12 Luleiih� 65 3:5 22 03 Trollhiittan......... I....... Forsmark 60 22 18 09 Lurid... 5:5 42 1:3 11 'rrordheim, Norway......... Fredrlkstad, N orway 59 13 1 57 Luossavaitra 0W) 6 1 52 20 1.1 1 Trosa Frovi 59 08 I 1 :52 1. ve ksele 61 :313 18 40 Uddevalla Gidl ivare 67 08 20 42 Lysekil....................... 58 Ili 11 26 1 (sec. of Stockholm) Garda 57 3:5 12 06 Malaren (lake)........... 59 30 17 12 Umeii...................... Gavle. (it) 40 17 10 M al tuberget 6i 10 20 40 Unteiilv..... Gavleiin i, atnn' 60 �10 17 09 Malmo 55 36 13 00 Uppsala.................... Giivlebukten (bay) fill 42 17 20 Midins lint 58 25 1:5 :30 1 iiddit..................... Ue- ntund6fjiirden (bay) 6x5 29 22 13 M arsta.. 59 :37 17 it Viillinghy (s( of Storkhohn) Gotta Kanal (canal) 58 50 13 :38 Marviken (cove) 60 07 is 49 Vallinge (farm`.............. Gotaitiv (slrm) :57 42 II 52 Mellansrl 6:3 21) 18 19 Vitnern (lake)............... Goteborg 57 �13 11 :58 M ellerud :58 42 12 28 Viinersborg................. Gotland (isl) .57 30 1S :33 Midsonimarkransen (sec�. ofStorkhohn)..... 51) is i5 (10 Viin nit Griing esber g 60 05 14 59 Ijdlbv.. :58 19 15 ON Varbcrg.................... (3riinhamnsfjardcn (sound) 51) 43 19 09 Nlo, N orway 6ti 11) 14 10 Viirnanio................... Griniskitr (ish :513 39 16 22 Iorjiirv. Iili 04 22 4:3 Viisteris................ Grips tofu (castle) :59 15 17 1:3 hiotala Strom (sirm) :i8 16 011 Vastergiitlaud Gr6ndal (sec. of ,Sloekhohn) 59 19 18 00 Musko lisl 59 00 18 06 Viistervik................... Gulf of Bothnia (gulr? 63 00 20 00 llysingeu (bar),......................... 59 00 is 15 I Viistra FrilluDdU (scc, of Golebc Haigerniis .59 27 is ON Naantali, Finland....................... 60 27 22 02 Viix'o. liagfors (ill 02 13 42 N: issjo.. 57 :i9 1.1 �11 Vaxholntsfiistning (fort)...... Ilalland rrgion 57 01 12 .12 Narvik. Norway......................... (38 213 17 25 Viittern (lake)............... Hiillni is 64 19 19 :38 Nash y park :59 26 18 06 Vidsel........... Ihd!sberg 59 0 1 15 07 Nissan (stun;.. :it) 40 12 51 Viet.as..I................... Halmstad 51) 39 12 :50 Norrko ping its 36 Ifi 11 Vinga (isl) l ialsinghorg :56 0 :3 12 42 North Sea (seal........... 56 00 03 (Ill 1'stad...................... flai)ar�:,ndu 135 50 2.1 10 Norwegian Sea (vo(i)..................... 70 00 o5 00 Hark.'a 55 4 :3 1:3 32 Nykoping.............................. .58 45 17 00 Selected iliirnosiind .i2 :38 17 :56 Nvn:tsharn.... 5i8 tit 17 57 Arlanda }Lis- it�h011n .Ill 09 1:3 1'! 0(loshriv. 58 14 1'I 39 licom ma.... -1 n,R 1'Il i.el; Ili I O111O(i 7x11..... :ifi 15 11) 3S Bulltoft -0l I I)almarcn (luk, i 15 1 I15 ororu 51) 17 1:5 13 Froson III Irby i :5l 1:3 :39 (l nskoldsvik (rr sla 63 17 Is 1_' flat[) stall.................. Horsfjarde (boll) 59 0.1 Ifi 111 t)sk:ushamit. '7 Iii Ifi 213 Iiultsfred................... Italia) Iil 0 is 10 Uxlo, Nomat....... 55 Ill 4:5 Jonkoping.......... Iludiksvall 111 11 17 07 0slersun I fi3 I 1 1.1 39 Kallax Indals:ilven (strin) li2 :31 17 Ovortorrtva (ifi 23 2:3 Ill I K almar. Jiitnthtnd (region) 63 26 11 111 OvAilsund ON .10 17 Of) Karlstad................... .Iarna 59 Ill( 17 :31 1'nt;a 65 20 21 :30 I Kiruna......... Johannelund (scr. o Linkoping) 58 2:i 15 37 Bait (ser�. of 1161singbory) 00 12 4.1 Klingsangen................ Jiink6 ping 57 47 1.1 11 166 furor 57 24 11 56 Ornskoldsvik................ Jonsered 57 4:5 12 Ill liiiiin (ish 58 09 11 24 Ronneby .1�ru I..I. 6- (1l 20 02 li t utl; eht -d 53 13 13 ::1) S:ljdl ikcu.................. Jungfrufjarden (bay) 59 119 27 07 Riksgriinsen 68 2:3 Is 06 Skelleftca................... Knit. um 67 :33 is 3s Ringlials (point) 57 15 12 05 Sundsvall Ilarnosand. Kalix 65 51 2:3 08 R,itseinjokkiltan (resort) 137 4:3 17 28 'Torshinda I......... Kalmar 51i �10 Ifi 22 Ilomeleil:.en (hills) 55 3.1 13 33 Umea...................... Kalnmr.:und (sound:. 5(i �10 Ali 25 10tinskiir (rr stop) 64 .10 21 Ifi Visby........... C?) I F 00 7 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 D 0 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 o I o 66 it 2:3 32 K;tresu:u (to (i8 2; 22 29 Saffle 59 08 12 56 68 20 IN Karlsborg ii5 48 23 17 Suffle Kanal carrali........ 59 07 12 55 ti9 14 IS (15 Karlsi�amn :iti Il) 14 51 Saltsjobadcu............... 59 17 18 IN (rr sla) 57 41 12 00 Karlskrona 5t3 10 If, Sassnitz, F. Germany.................... 54 31 1:3 :39 et (channel) 132 24 17 2:3 Karlstad............................... i9 22 1:3 30 sitvr..... 57 48 11 55 :57 40 11 52 Karangi. 66 0:3 2:3 57 Siiivenits (sec. of Gotebory)................. 57 4:3 12 02 ry.. 60 34 27 lr Katrineholin .59 00 I(3 12 1 3 Sim )var> 57 2:; Ifi 40 (see. of Goteborg) 65 40 21 00 Kattegat Ixtruil l......................... 57 00 11 00 Skagerrak Strait;........................ 57 45 09 00 63 l4 03 Kemi, Finland 6.5 1.4 24 31 Sikant �(reyior 55 59 13 30 n 56 15 12 51 Kit..... i9 30 13 19 Skatstugan ;Jaunt)...................... 6:3 :35 12 16 nAlven (strm) 62 48 17 5 Kilafors. lit 14 16 34 Skara............ 5S 22 13 25 $cc. of Gdleborg) 57 42 11 50 Kim. tad 50 :32 15 5S SkArholmen or Stockholm)............ 59 17 17 5:3 1 i9 23 12 0S Kinda Kanal (canal)..................... 58 17 15 12 Si kclleftea (i4 46 2t) 57 or Stockholm:) 59 19 1S 03 Kiruna.................... 67 51 20 13 Ski) vde 58 24 13 50 In (lake) 59 18 IS 02 Ktingerfjarden (bay).. 62 29 17 26 Sodert- dje 59 12 17 37 tr r 65 35 19 10 Knippelholmen (islsl....... 57 41 11 49 Siiidertiil't Katnatl banal;.................. 59 ll 17 38 I 56 08 12 57 Kongsvinger, Norway.................... 60 12 12 00 Solna... 59 22 I8 01 60 09 16 12 Kopparberg 59 52 14 59 Sound, The (xoand;...................... 55 50 12 4(; (sea) 56 00 18 (Sill Kornsjo, Norway.................... 58 57 11 :39 Stensele 65 05 17 10 h (estate) 55 46 12 57 Kristianstad 56 02 14 08 Stenungsund 58 05 11 49 64 47 20 02 Kristinehamn 59 20 14 07 Stockholm 59 20 1S 03 Win) 58 21 11 55 Krylbo...... 60 OS 1 6 13 Storlien (rr sla).................... 63 19 12 06 rm) 59 05 18 08 Kubikenborg (sec of Sundsrall)............ 6 2 23 17 21 Storatnan....... (upland) 58 24 13 45 Kungsbacka.. 57 29 12 0.1 Striingnits 59 2:3 17 02 65 50 21 42 Kungsholmen (isl) ..)6 06 15 35 Str: is, a................................. 59 45 15 13 57 43 12 55 Kuugsitngen... 59 29 17 45 Strinnmer (bay) 59 19 18 05 .I (10 29 15 25 Kvarn (farm)...... 58 38 15 I8 Stronistad 58 56 11 10 rg 58 3-1 15 17 Laholmshukten (bay) 56 :35 12 50 s tudsvik 5S 46 17 23 63 00 20 00 Laisvall........... 66 08 17 10 Sundhvber 59 22 1 5S 62 4 :3 15 27 1 ,andskrona.. 55 52 12 50 Sundsvall.............. 62 23 17 18 (i 58 38 16 32 Landsort 58 45 17 fit Sundsvallshukten (bay;................... tit 20 17 35 to (fiord) 5 22 11 26 Langsele 6:3 :31 17 49 Sundsvallsfjarden (bay;.................. fit 23 17 21 63 05 14 49 I,apland region) 68 00 25 00 Svappavaara 67 39 21 04 enoerg 59 5:3 12 17 i Laxft 5S 59 14 :37 Svartosund (narrows) ti:; :3:3 22 13 gen, Denmark 50 40 12 35 I. eksands- Nortt......................... 60 44 14 59 Tiiby (see. or S1or�khr, n).................. 59 30 IS 03 region 61 01 14 04 Leningrad, U.S.S.R 1 59 55 30 15 Tanum................................. 58 4:3 11 20 :i9 08 18 24 1, lain� ii. p 5 9 2'2 18 08 Tingstad (sec. of Golcborg) 57 41 11 59 a Kanal (canal) 58 51 12 21 Un iharnn 5r; 35 12 54 Tjuchottnsst )ndet(narrows)............... 65 :32 22 11 Vet (see. of Borliinge) 60 30 15 27 I, inkiiping 58 25 15 :37 Tornio. Fin land......................... 6a .;l 2.1 08 59 :38 17 01 1,junaan ,,S�lrm li' 1!1 17 '3 Cor, mo. lit 12 14 58 i g 5S 10 13 :it I'm-6................ 56 i9 16 28 Travemilnde, 1v (1.ermany.. 5:3 3S 10 52 tee. of Stockholm) 59 15 IS 05 lmdvika. 130 Oil IS 11 Trelleborg 5.5 22 1:3 10 pan (isl1 ti5 29 22 15 I. uleil (i:; 31 22 10 Trollhatte Kanal (canal)................. 50 13 11 58 I.... 63 16 17 12 Imleal............... 65 35 22 03 Crollhuttan 58 16 12 18 k fill 22 I8 09 Lund... 5.5 12 13 11 "Trondheim, Norway. 63 25 10 25 Lad, Norway 59 1:3 10 57 Luossavitara t mr1) 637 52 20 1.1 Trosa i8 54 17 3:3 59 08 14 52 Lyeksele 61 :36 18 40 Uddevalla 58 21 11 55 g 67 OS 20 42 Lesekil.. 5S Ili 11 26 Ulvsunda (xer. of Stockholm'.............. 59 20 17 58 57 :35 12 06 alaren i. lake,.......................... 59 :30 17 12 Ulne d... 63 50 20 15 fit) -10 17 10 NIitlulbereet......... Iii 10 20 �10 Unleiilv. 6:3 47 20 10 (shin) 60 40 17 00 Malmii................................. 5:; 36 13 00 Uppsala, 59 52 17 38 kten (buy). 130 12 17 20 \calm. mitt :;s 25 15 30 Vaddii q 5) 5. 1S 49 dofjhrden (bay( 65 29 22 13 Marsta.... :;9 :37 17 51 1'idlingby !ser�. nrSlerkhol)n` 59 22 17 52 Ina( (canal) 58 5t) 13 58 Man�ikeu rerc) lift U7 18 49 viillin�r farm ti' 59 lfi I: 42 (str)m) 57 42 11 i2 M ellatlse l.......................... 133 21�� IS 19 Vanet�n IakO........ fib 55 13 :30 57 4:3 11 58 llellerud 5S 42 12 2S I inersborg 58 22 12 19 is 57 30 18 :33 Niidsonimarkransen (xer. if Slor�khclm;.. 59 IS IS 1' iinnas................................. 63 55 19 45 er till 05 11 59 l ljol hy iS 19 I:; I urbcre. :;7 06 12 15 nsfjarden (sound) 59 13 19 Oil \1o, Norway 60 19 11 10 Vianamo.. 57 11 14 02 513 39 16 22 Mor' iry 66 04 �:2 -1 3 Viisteris i9 37 16 33 cusps) 59 I5 l7 1:3 Motala iron( (stun)..................... .;S :is Ili 1111 viistergotlund trcy ion) 58 01 13 03 (ser. of .Stockholm) .;9 19 I8 00 '.I usk. isl fig 00 I's Oti viistervik 56 1:; 14 24 othnia (yull) 6:3 6)0 20 00 My.:ingen (bay)......................... 59 00 Is 15 vustnt Fr6lunda (sec. of Golcboryl......... 57 39 11 53 59 '27 {8 118 Naantaii. Finland. (10 27 22 02 N'i ixjo... 56 5:3 14 49 60 ('l 13 �12 Nassjo 57 :39 14 �11 vaxholntsfitstning (fort).................. 51) 2.1 18 21 region) 57 01 12 42 Narvik, Norway.... 68 26 17 25 Vattern (lake) 58 24 14 36 6-1 I9 I9 38 Nasbypa r k I 59 213 18 06 Vidsel......... 65 51 20 31 59 01 15 07 Nissan W rit?) 513 �10 12 51 vista,.............. 67 30 1S 25 56 :39 12 50 Norrkoping i8 :313 16 11 vinga isl 57 38 11 36 org 56 03 12 42 North Siva (xru)......................... 53 00 03 00 hstad.... 55 25 13 49 dit 65 50 2.1 10 Norwegian lien i sca) 70 00 05 011 Selected airfields 55 1 :3 1:3 3'2 Nykoping 5S 45 17 nt) d 132 38 1! ,)6 Nv11l Shunt 58 51 17 57 Arlanda........................ 59 �10 17 513 Dlnl 06 69 13 16 Odvsho) 58 1.1 14 39 ltr oil) Ina 59 21 l' JI R isle 57 Ili 11 5:3 Olrtnd isl 56 15 Ili :38 liul ltofta 55 36 13 0.1 n clako) 59 15 15 15 0 repro MI 17 15 13 Froson.. 63 12 14 :34) 51 13 10 I OrnskoIdsvik (rr sta) 63 17 IS 12 Ilalmstad .56 41 12 .19 en holy :d) Of Ili l0 Oskarshltnu l............................ 57 16 Ifi 26 11 re d 57 36 Ifi 50 I. fill 07 IS III I Oslo, Norway 59 15 Ifi) 15 1, mkopiu g I......... i9 .16 14 05 11 131 41 17 07 O�ter.:mol 14 39 Kallax.. .I I.............. 65 33 22 08 en arrirr) 62 31 I7 27 I (,vvr�r n�;i '3 2:3 �10 Kal mar. i(3 -11 1(3 17 (rr ur,rn 13:3 '26 I l (1.1 (;t,lu�und 10 17 06 Karlstad 59 22 13 28 59 Of! 17 31 Piteu 20 21 30 Kiruna.. 67 40 20 21 and (scc. of Linkopiny)........... 1 58 2:; 15 37 Ituii (xee. of lldlsinybory) ..o 1111 12 4.1 Ktmgsangen 5S 35 Ifi 15 g...... 57 17 1.1 11 Ila'iii (raum), )7 21 11 513 Ornskoldsvik 6 :3 25 18 fig .....................I 57 15 12 10 11,1611 (isl).............. N 1131 11 24 Ronnehy 56 16 15 I(3 I.. 65 (T1 20 02 Revi:1ee1led................... 55 1:3 13 29 Sandvike 60 36 16 57 arden (bay) 59 09 27 07 Rik, grimsen I (38 2:3 IS 06 Skellef tea (1�1 38 21 05 (37 :i :i i :3a {lultihul, .,l,urnt,......... 7 15 1 11� utul 11 llrrn xanrl 62 '3^ 17 ^7 65 51 2'1 08 IlitsemjokkAtun (resort).................. 137 43 17 28 T orslanda 57 .12 It 47 56 40 1(3 22 RonudeAsen ihills).......... 55 :31 13 33 I Un iva... 133 48 20 17 5(3 NI Ifi 25 Honnskar (rr slop 61 40 Ifi It i, by 57 39 18 20 D 0 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA- RDP01- 00707R000200090017 -8 LVVO /VVl I V. \IM r. Sr' Swed t International boundary{ T' III Province (Lan) boundary s 1 i� .r' National capital La Province (n) capital Railroad Road e Ski d Airfield V. Major port Populated laces Se SMapPavaara ;led Scaie 1:3.500.000 e 'rte_ o.. i ggg *t \.1 1 MCI Bnden t Piteq OIc' tdk.a A v h Jv� 1 or i 4 F JJJ C.. �fir �x,77 r .r. ,moo -dad FA 4t� r 1C}I f.._._../ r Meilanael i friu n r r/d a .y :7r5 `boll ;Ie -1.. r Y i moo 4Ye, Jr +k Nudiksva,t r.. 4.i, L Nail .ea s ,r., :n -v li es K�alurn 1 '+4.. v .i:. "o,\ .7:' l fSan r 1 v k ,Y. :l n^ 1Z A 3 ry)� nnntdrl j f'_ r y a1 f 1 J t 'v' Derr Fagt,ma Sal\ I VPp'i! J mnloli 1 st. nk ;ngi SttoCll �r` G'' f B tiutrask S Leg a^g�r r G a t rO hC 6 I ,irp� 1 tf ',t"^. 4 l l V Ini S V l��11?r t -:.s aBSO T l`:1 ;9 ti 8ra .kr, 1 r yq Nw_ y, ;�!J Y tom_'. .N. "�f! 7 ng t h1 'V t t ,n 3 $und�rall rg HuA avail Efollnas 5 3 T 7 i S lilleh T: 7:rGl.f t Kilafu�s. r it A' .5 ag f i 50e a s Fk a p ('.I ii r, C1 'T� J k i Arr'k i 1 `z o i e n R ry Kd.LlsJad l }tlVr ir IYF S O t MI Arbn{1 r+ `r[sk dstu a r,pr 1 `LF go r Jr tin ,S r� re,k stad K.si,n,na If Qry'pdertalle Lana Kali.ndholm 1d�. ,,rut 4L r }r1 j lorrk$pia Udde /Sk6v(Ie 79�,x! i folny iii r ,,�I Fao lk St C'rgG I lf ?VStyTr'a i r� 7 mfs 'i_ t 1 a. At.ngsax nA sk:, Goteborg. t,- Bor6s u1p k r.d�.r.e ,v� t l 'l r: N0ItalF ed V Alborg fans r Sea PF14 I i tn 1la l st.d Ka1f .l Randers b 'lingnffta b